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作者：Cornwall, Warren
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作者：Hill, Spencer A.; Meyers, Destiny Zamir; Sobel, Adam H.; Biasutti, Michela; Cane, Mark A.; Tippett, Michael K.; Ahmed, Fiaz
作者单位：City University of New York (CUNY) System; City College of New York (CUNY); Columbia University; Columbia University; Columbia University; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：Extreme rainfall during the Indian summer monsoon can be destructive and deadly to the world's third-largest economy and most populous country. Although El Ni & ntilde;o events in the equatorial Pacific are known to suppress total summer rainfall throughout India, we show using observational data spanning 1901 to 2020 that, counterintuitively, they simultaneously intensify extreme daily rainfall. This is partly driven by increases in extreme daily values of convective buoyancy, provided that b...
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作者：O'Hayre, Ryan; Haile, Sossina M.
作者单位：Colorado School of Mines; Northwestern University
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作者：O'Dwyer, James P.; Lutz, James A.; Schappe, Tyler; Alegre, Dana; Black, Andrew N.; Grunwald, Niklaus J.; Jones, F. Andrew
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Utah System of Higher Education; Utah State University; Oregon State University; Duke University; Oregon State University; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
摘要：Species population sizes fluctuate over time, and these temporal dynamics play a key role in governing the maintenance of biodiversity. Although modeling approaches have been developed to characterize fluctuations in species abundances, the data required to parameterize these models from scratch are substantial. Here we introduce a new approach to modeling population fluctuations on decadal timescales by relating community-level dynamics to population-level patterns encoded in plant genomes. U...
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作者：Eder, Mathias; Moene, Christina J. I.; Dauban, Lise; Magnitov, Mikhail; Drayton, Jamie; de Haas, Marcel; Leemans, Christ; Verkuilen, Martijn; de Wit, Elzo; Hansen, Anders S.; van Steensel, Bas
作者单位：Netherlands Cancer Institute; Netherlands Cancer Institute; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Broad Institute; Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Broad Institute
摘要：Genes are often activated by enhancers located at large genomic distances, and the importance of this positioning is poorly understood. By relocating promoter-reporter constructs into thousands of alternative positions within a single locus, we dissected the positional relationship between the mouse Sox2 gene and its distal enhancer. This revealed an intricate, sharply confined activation landscape in which the native Sox2 gene occupies an optimal position for its activation. Deletion of the g...
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作者：Thorp, H. Holden
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作者：Brainard, Jeffrey
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作者：Hassan, Hisham Y.
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作者：Abdellatif, Ahmed A. H.; Abdallah, Emad M.
作者单位：Qassim University; Qassim University
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作者：Halpern, Benjamin S.; Frazier, Melanie; O'Hara, Casey C.; Vargas-Fonseca, O. Alejandra; Lombard, Amanda T.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; Nelson Mandela University
摘要：Pressures from human activities are expected to increase substantially, affecting marine ecosystems globally. To plan for a sustainable future, we need to forecast the distributions of cumulative effects from multiple pressures. Here, we mapped (at 10-kilometer resolution) the future cumulative impacts of 10 climate, land-based, fishing, and other pressures on 20 marine habitats under two climate scenarios at mid-century (around 2050). We found that cumulative impacts are projected to increase...
