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作者：Parey, Matthias; Ruhose, Jens; Waldinger, Fabian; Netz, Nicolai
作者单位：University of Essex; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Leibniz University Hannover; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：We measure selection among high-skilled emigrants from Germany using predicted earnings. Migrants to less equal countries are positively selected relative to nonmigrants, while migrants to more equal countries are negatively selected, consistent with the prediction in Borjas (1987). Positive selection to less equal countries reflects university quality and grades, and negative selection to more equal countries reflects university subject and gender. Migrants to the United States are highly pos...
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作者：Agrawal, Ajay; Galasso, Alberto; Oettl, Alexander
作者单位：University of Toronto; National Bureau of Economic Research; University System of Georgia; Georgia Institute of Technology
摘要：We exploit historical data on planned highways, railroads, and exploration routes as sources of exogenous variation in order to estimate the effect of interstate highways on regional innovation: a 10% increase in a region's stock of highways causes a 1.7% increase in regional patenting over a five-year period. In terms of the mechanism, we report evidence that roads facilitate local knowledge flows, increasing the likelihood that innovators access knowledge inputs from local but more distant n...
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作者：Lemoine, Derek
作者单位：University of Arizona
摘要：I report evidence that an anticipated strengthening of environmental policy increased emissions. I find that the breakdown of the U.S. Senate's 2010 climate effort generated positive excess returns in coal futures markets. This response appears to be driven by an increase in coal storage. The proposed legislation aimed to reduce U.S. greenhouse gas emissions after 2013, but the legislative process itself may have increased emissions by over 12 million tons of carbon dioxide leading up to April...
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作者：Clerides, Sofronis; Courty, Pascal
作者单位：University of Cyprus; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of Victoria
摘要：Quantity surcharges occur when retailers carry a product in two sizes and offer a promotion on the small size: the large size then costs more per unit than the small one. When quantity surcharges occur, sales of the large size decline only slightly even though the same quantity can be purchased for less. We document this behavior in two data sets and four product categories. It is consistent with the notion of passive shoppers found in the industrial organization literature and the notion of r...
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作者：Krueger, Alan B.; Mas, Alexandre; Niu, Xiaotong
作者单位：Princeton University; Congressional Budget Office
摘要：We document that rotation group biasthe tendency for the unemployment rate to vary systematically by month in samplein the Current Population Survey (CPS) has worsened over time. Estimated unemployment rates for earlier rotation groups have grown sharply relative to later rotation groups; both should be nationally representative samples. This bias increased discretely after the 1994 CPS redesign, and rising nonresponse rates are likely a significant contributor. Survey nonresponse increased af...
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作者：Monteiro, Joana; Rocha, Rudi
作者单位：Getulio Vargas Foundation; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
摘要：This paper examines the effects of gunfights between drug gangs in Rio de Janeiro's favelas on student achievement. We explore variation in violence that occurs across time and space when gangs battle over territories. Within-school estimates indicate that students' scores are lower in math in years in which they are exposed to drug battles. The effect increases with conflict intensity, duration, and proximity to exam dates and decreases with the distance between the school and the conflict lo...
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作者：Papageorgiou, Chris; Saam, Marianne; Schulte, Patrick
作者单位：International Monetary Fund; Leibniz Association; Zentrum fur Europaische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW)
摘要：In macroeconomic models, the elasticity of substitution between clean and dirty energy inputs within the energy aggregate is a central parameter in assessing the necessary conditions for long-run green growth. Using new sectoral data in a panel of 26 countries, we formulate specifications of nested constant elasticity of substitution production functions that allow estimating this parameter for the first time. We present evidence that it significantly exceeds unity, a favorable condition for p...
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作者：Abrevaya, Jason; Donald, Stephen G.
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin
摘要：Missing data are a common challenge facing empirical researchers. This paper presents a general GMM framework and estimator for dealing with missing values of an explanatory variable in linear regression analysis. The GMM estimator is efficient under assumptions needed for consistency of linear-imputation methods. The estimator, which also allows for a specification test of the missingness assumptions, is compared to existing linear imputation, complete data, and dummy variable methods commonl...
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作者：Bernasco, Wim; de Graaff, Thomas; Rouwendal, Jan; Steenbeek, Wouter
作者单位：Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
摘要：Using data on the age, sex, ethnicity, and criminal involvement of more than 14 million residents of all ages residing in approximately 4,000 Dutch neighborhoods, we test if an individual's criminal involvement is affected by the proportion of criminals living in his or her residential neighborhood. We develop a binomial discrete choice model for criminal involvement and estimate it on individual data. We control for both the endogeneity that may be related to unobserved neighborhood character...
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作者：Agarwal, Sumit; Qian, Wenlan
作者单位：Georgetown University; National University of Singapore
摘要：Using unique consumer financial transactions of more than 56,000 consumers, we study the consumption response to a housing policy experiment in Singapore that resulted in a decrease in access to home equity. Using difference-in-differences analysis, we find a significant negative consumption response to the policy shock. Moreover, the consumption response is concentrated in credit card spending and is stronger among individuals with limited access to credit market or with a high precautionary ...
