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作者：Fuchs-Schuendeln, Nicola; Masella, Paolo
作者单位：Goethe University Frankfurt; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of Sussex
摘要：Political regimes influence the content of education and criteria used to select and evaluate students.We study the impact of a socialist education on the likelihood of obtaining a college degree and on several labor market outcomes by exploiting the reorganization of the school system in East Germany after reunification. Our identification strategy uses cutoff birth dates for school enrollment that lead to variation in the length of exposure to the socialist education system within the same b...
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作者：Bertrand, Marianne; Morse, Adair
作者单位：University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We document that nonrich households consume a larger share of their current income when exposed to higher top income and consumption levels. Permanent income, wealth effects, and upward local price pressures cannot provide the sole explanation for this finding. Instead, we show that the budget shares that nonrich households allocate to more visible goods and services rise with top income levels, consistent with status-maintaining explanations for our primary finding. Nonrich households might h...
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作者：Bhattarai, Saroj; Lee, Jae Won; Park, Woong Yong
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; University of Virginia; Seoul National University (SNU)
摘要：Using an estimated DSGE model with monetary and fiscal policy interactions and allowing for equilibrium indeterminacy, we find that a passive monetary and passive fiscal policy regime prevailed in the pre-Volcker period. This gave rise to self-fulfilling beliefs and unconventional transmission mechanisms of policy shifts: unanticipated increases in interest rates increased inflation and output, while unanticipated increases in lump-sum taxes decreased inflation and output. We show that had the...
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作者：Franck, Raphael
作者单位：Bar Ilan University
摘要：This study analyzes the circumstances that enabled France to become in the late nineteenth century the first stable parliamentary democracy with universal (male) suffrage in Europe. It establishes a causal relationship between short-term variations in local income and the electoral support for the coalition of republican parties that represented the newly established regime. The results suggest the republican coalition won the parliamentary elections because most French regions did not suffer ...
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作者：Dahl, Gordon B.; Loken, Katrine V.; Mogstad, Magne; Salvanes, Kari Vea
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of Bergen; University of Chicago; Statistics Norway; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Oslo
摘要：We assess the case for generous government-funded maternity leave, focusing on a series of policy reforms in Norway that expanded paid leave from 18 to 35 weeks. We find the reforms do not crowd out unpaid leave and that mothers spend more time at home without a reduction in family income. The increased maternity leave has little effect on children's schooling, parental earnings and labor force participation, completed fertility, marriage, or divorce. The expansions, whose net costs amounted t...
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作者：de Jong, Robert M.; Sakarya, Neslihan
作者单位：University System of Ohio; Ohio State University
摘要：The Hodrick-Prescott (HP) filter is a commonly used tool in macroeconomics used to extract a trend component from a time series. In this paper, we derive a new representation of the transformation of the data that is implied by the HP filter. This representation highlights that the HP filter is a symmetric weighted average plus a number of adjustments that are important near the beginning and end of the sample. The representation allows us to carry out a rigorous analysis of properties of the ...
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作者：Godlonton, Susan; Munthali, Alister; Thornton, Rebecca
作者单位：Williams College; University of Malawi; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
摘要：Understanding behavioral responses to changes in actual or perceived risk is important because risk-reduction goals can be undermined by risk-compensating behavior. This paper examines the response to new information about the risk of HIV infection. Approximately 1,200 circumcised and uncircumcised men in rural Malawi are randomly informed that male circumcision reduces the HIV transmission rate, predicting asymmetric behavioral responses. We find no evidence that the information induces circu...
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作者：Calel, Raphael; Dechezlepretre, Antoine
作者单位：Georgetown University; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：This paper investigates the impact of the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) on technological change, exploiting installations level inclusion criteria to estimate the System's causal impact on firms' patenting. We find that the EU ETS has increased low-carbon innovation among regulated firms by as much as 10%, while not crowding out patenting for other technologies. We also find evidence that the EU ETS has not affected patenting beyond the set of regulated companies. These resu...
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作者：Deming, David J.; Cohodes, Sarah; Jennings, Jennifer; Jencks, Christopher
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; New York University
摘要：We study the impact of accountability pressure in Texas public high schools in the 1990s on postsecondary attainment and earnings, using administrative data from the Texas Schools Project. Schools respond to the risk of being rated Low Performing by increasing student achievement on high-stakes exams. Years later, these students are more likely to have attended college and completed a four-year degree, and they have higher earnings at age 25. However, we find no overall impact of accountabilit...
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作者：Evans, William N.; Garthwaite, Craig; Moore, Timothy J.
作者单位：University of Notre Dame; National Bureau of Economic Research; Northwestern University; University of Melbourne
摘要：We propose the rise of crack cocaine markets as a key explanation for the end to the convergence in black-white educational outcomes in the United States that began in the mid-1980s. After constructing a measure to date the arrival of crack markets in cities and states, we show that the decline in educational outcomes for black males begins with the start of the crack epidemic. We also show that there are higher murder and incarceration rates after the arrival of crack cocaine and that these a...
