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作者：Curci, Federico; Masera, Federico
作者单位：CUNEF Universidad; University of New South Wales Sydney
摘要：In this paper we study the effect of violent crime on residential and firms location decisions and their implications for segregation in cities. We do so by proposing a new instrument to exogenously predict violent crime in city centers. We base our instrument on chemical and medical evidence that links local characteristics of the soil to lead poisoning and aggression. We show that the increase in violent crime between 1960 and 1990 due to lead poisoning moved almost 8 million people to the s...
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作者：Brodeur, Abel; Yousaf, Hasin
作者单位：University of Ottawa; University of New South Wales Sydney
摘要：In this paper, we investigate the economic consequences of massshootings. We find that shootings have negative effects on targeted coun-ties' economies. Estimates using three different comparison groups yieldsimilar results. Examining the mechanisms, we find that residents of tar-geted areas: (i) develop pessimistic views of financial and local businessconditions; and (ii) are more likely to report poor mental health, whichhinders usual activities such as work, suggesting that shootings lead t...
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作者：Roth, Paula
作者单位：Stockholm School of Economics
摘要：Several studies have linked rising insolvency rates to increasing inequality and argued that this might be explained by individuals' desire to keep up with the Joneses. Using unique administrative register data on individual insolvencies in Sweden, I test whether the probability to become insolvent is related to one's income distance relative to peers. Identification relies on area fixed effects, an extensive set of background characteristics, and varying the definition of the relevant referen...
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作者：Howes, Cooper
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve System Board of Governors
摘要：While investment in most sectors declines in response to a contractionary monetary policy shock, investment in the manufacturing sector increases. Using manually digitized aggregate income and balance sheet data for the universe of US manufacturing firms, I show that this increase is driven by the types of firms which are least likely to be financially constrained. A two-sector New Keynesian model with financial frictions can match these facts; unconstrained firms take advantage of the decline...
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作者：Leder-Luis, Jetson
作者单位：Boston University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper analyzes private antifraud enforcement under the False Claims Act, which compensates whistleblowers for litigating against health care providers who overbill the US government. I conduct several case studies of successful whistleblower lawsuits concerning Medicare fraud, pairing new legal data with large samples of Medicare claims. I estimate that deterrence from $1.9 billion in whistleblower settlements generated Medicare cost savings of nearly $19 billion, while imposing low costs...
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作者：Advani, Arun; Koenig, Felix; Pessina, Lorenzo; Summers, Andy
作者单位：University of Warwick; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Carnegie Mellon University; Leibniz Association; Zentrum fur Europaische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW); University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：Using administrative data on the universe of U.K. taxpayers, we study the contribution of migrants to the rise in U.K. top incomes. We show that migrants are over-represented at the top of the income distribution, with migrants twice as prevalent in the top 0.01% as anywhere in the bottom 97% of taxpayers. These high incomes are predominantly from labor, rather than capital, and migrants are concentrated in only a handful of industries, predominantly finance. All of the observed growth in the ...
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作者：Eble, Alex; Hu, Feng
作者单位：Columbia University; University of Science & Technology Beijing
摘要：Colleges can send signals about their quality by adopting new, more alluring names. We study how this affects college choice and labor market performance of college graduates. Administrative data show name-changing colleges enroll higher-aptitude students, with larger effects for alluring-but-misleading name changes and among students with less information. A large resume audit study suggests a small premium for new college names in most jobs, and a significant penalty in lower-status jobs. We...
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作者：Besley, Timothy; Fetzer, Thiemo; Mueller, Hannes
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of Warwick; University of Bonn; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); CSIC - Institut d'Analisi Economica (IAE); Barcelona School of Economics
摘要：This paper estimates the size of the media multiplier, an easily generalizable model-based measure of how far media coverage magnifies the economic response to shocks. We combine monthly aggregated and anonymized credit card activity data from 114 card-issuing countries in 5 destination countries with a large corpus of news coverage in issuing countries reporting on violent events in the destinations. To define and quantify the media multiplier, we estimate a model in which latent beliefs, sha...
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作者：Buser, Thomas; Niederle, Muriel; Oosterbeek, Hessel
作者单位：University of Amsterdam; Tinbergen Institute; Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We assess the predictive power of two measures of competitiveness for education and labor market outcomes using a large, representative survey panel. The first is incentivized and is an online adaptation of the laboratory-based Niederle-Vesterlund measure. The second is an unincentivized survey question eliciting general competitiveness. Both measures are strong predictors of income, occupation, level of education, and field of study. The predictive power of the new unincentivized measure is r...
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作者：Snyder, Christopher M.; Zhuo, Ran
作者单位：Dartmouth College; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：Economics papers increasingly report balance, pretrend, placebo, and other sniff tests, rejection of which is bad news for authors, undermining the credibility of their main results. We derive nonparametric bounds on the latent proportion of significant sniff tests removed by the publication process (whether by p-hacking or relegation to the file drawer) and the proportion whose significance was due to true misspecification, not bad luck. Using a hand-collected sample of nearly 30,000 sniff te...
