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作者：Browne, Oliver R.; Gazze, Ludovica; Greenstone, Michael; Rostapshova, Olga
作者单位：University of Warwick; University of Chicago
摘要：New technologies allow perfect detection of environmental violations at near-zero marginal cost, but take-up is low. We conducted a field experiment to evaluate enforcement of water conservation rules with smart meters in Fresno, CA. Households were randomly assigned combinations of enforcement method (automated or in-person inspections) and fines. Automated enforcement increased households' punishment rates from 0.1% to 14%, decreased summer water use by 3%, and reduced violations by 17%, whi...
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作者：Krieger, Joshua L.; Myers, Kyle R.; Stern, Ariel D.
作者单位：Harvard University
摘要：We examine editors' influence on the scientific content of aca-demic journals by unpacking the role of three major forces: journals' statedmissions, the aggregate supply of and demand for specific topics, and sci-entific homophily via editorial gatekeeping. In a sample of top biomedicaljournals, we find the first two forces explain the vast majority of variationin published content. The upper bound of the homophily effect is statisti-cally significant but practically much less important. Margi...
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作者：Gaechter, Simon; Starmer, Chris; Tufano, Fabio
作者单位：IZA Institute Labor Economics; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Nottingham; University of Leicester
摘要：We introduce group cohesion to study the economic relevance of social relationships in team production. We operationalize measurement of group cohesion, adapting the oneness scale from psychology. A series of experiments, including a preregistered replication, reveals strong, positive associations between group cohesion and performance assessed in weak-link coordination games, with high-cohesion groups being likely to achieve superior equilibria. In exploratory analysis, we identify beliefs ra...
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作者：Torchiana, Adrian L.; Rosenbaum, Ted; Scott, Paul T.; Souza-Rodrigues, Eduardo
作者单位：New York University; University of Toronto
摘要：Satellite-based image classification facilitates low-cost measurement of the Earth's surface composition. However, misclassified imagery can lead to misleading conclusions about transition processes. We propose a correction for transition rate estimates based on the econometric measurement error literature to extract the signal (truth) from its noisy measurement (satellite-based classifications). No ground-truth data are required in the implementation. Our proposed correction produces consiste...
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作者：Adams, Abi; Hara, Kotaro; Milland, Kristy; Callison-Burch, Chris
作者单位：University of Oxford; Singapore Management University; University of Pennsylvania
摘要：This paper analyzes gender differences in working patterns and wages on Amazon Mechanical Turk, a popular online labor platform. Using information on 2 million tasks, we find no gender differences in task selection nor experience. Nonetheless, women earn 20% less per hour on average. Gender differences in working patterns are a significant driver of this wage gap. Women are more likely to interrupt their working time on the platform with consequences for their task completion speed. A followup...
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作者：Ding, Hui; Duggan, Mark; Starc, Amanda
作者单位：Fudan University; Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Northwestern University
摘要：We study Medicare's competitive bidding program for durable medical equipment. We use Medicare claims data to examine the effect on prices and utilization, focusing on continuous positive airway pressure devices for sleep apnea. We find that spending falls by 47.2% after a highly imperfect bidding mechanism is introduced. This is almost entirely driven by a 44.8% price reduction, though quantities also fall by 4.3%. To disentangle supply and demand, we leverage differential cost sharing across...
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作者：Tannenbaum, David; Cohn, Alain; Zund, Christian Lukas; Marechal, Michel Andre
作者单位：Utah System of Higher Education; University of Utah; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Zurich; University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：We assess the predictive power of survey measures of social capital with a new behavioral data set that examines whether citizens report a lost wallet to its owner. Using data from more than 17,000 lost wallets across 40 countries, we find that survey measures of social capital-especially questions concerning generalized trust or generalized morality-are strongly and significantly correlated with country-level differences in wallet reporting rates. A second finding is that lost wallet reportin...
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作者：Lin, Zhongjian
作者单位：University System of Georgia; University of Georgia
摘要：This paper provides a method to study quantile effects in discrete choice with social interactions. The method is based on a behavioral social interactions model from quantile preference in decision making and demonstrates peer effects on different quantiles of discrete outcomes. The peer effects parameters are estimated by a nested pseudoscore (NPS) approach, which is developed to tackle the computational burden pertaining to the social interactions model. Consistency and asymptotic normality...
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作者：Santacreu, Ana Maria
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - St. Louis
摘要：This article investigates the determinants of international technology licensing using data for 50 countries during 1996-2012. A multicountry model of innovation yields a dynamic structural gravity equation for royalty payments as a function of fundamentals, including imperfect intellectual property protection and differences in corporate taxation. The gravity equation is estimated with nonlinear methods. My model's fundamentals account for about 60% of the variation in royalty payments. A qua...
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作者：Bundick, Brent; Smith, A. Lee
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Kansas City
摘要：In a macroeconomic model with drifting long-run inflation expectations, the anchoring of inflation expectations manifests in two testable predictions. First, expectations about inflation far in the future should no longer respond to news about current inflation. Second, better anchored inflation expectations weaken the relationship between unemployment and inflation, flattening the reduced-form Phillips curve. We evaluate both predictions and find that the Federal Reserve's communication of a ...
