-
作者：Drange, Nina; Ronning, Marte
作者单位：Statistics Norway
摘要：A unique dataset on applications and admissions to child care centers allow us to explore parental preferences for child care center characteristics. We proceed to study how staff qualifications, experience and sickness absence, as well as the proportion of male and immigrant staff, explain the cognitive development of children randomly allocated to child care centers contingent on observable characteristics. Children who receive their first offer of child care enrollment from a center with a ...
-
作者：Millner, Antony; Ollivier, Helene; Simon, Leo
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; Paris School of Economics; Monash University; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：How do voters' behavioural biases affect political outcomes? We study this question in a model of Downsian electoral competition in which candidates have private information about the benefits of policies, and voters may infer candidates' information from their electoral platforms. If voters are Bayesian, candidates 'anti-pander' - they choose platforms that are more extreme than is justified by their private beliefs. However, anti-pandering is ameliorated if voters' inferences are subject to ...
-
作者：Bargain, Olivier; Aminjonov, Ulugbek
作者单位：Institut Universitaire de France; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：While degraded trust and cohesion within a country are often shown to have large socio-economic impacts, they can also have dramatic consequences when compliance is required for collective survival. We illustrate this point in the context of the COVID-19 crisis. Policy responses all over the world aim to reduce social interaction and limit contagion. Using data on human mobility and political trust at regional level in Europe, we examine whether the compliance to these containment policies dep...
-
作者：Dingel, Jonathan, I; Neiman, Brent
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Chicago; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR)
摘要：Evaluating the economic impact of social distancing measures taken to arrest the spread of COVID-19 raises a fundamental question about the modern economy: how many jobs can be performed at home? We classify the feasibility of working at home for all occupations and merge this classification with occupational employment counts. We find that 37% of jobs in the United States can be performed entirely at home, with significant variation across cities and industries. These jobs typically pay more ...
-
作者：Heathcote, Jonathan; Storesletten, Kjetil; Violante, Giovanni L.
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Minneapolis; University of Oslo; Princeton University; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; IZA Institute Labor Economics; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper studies optimal taxation of earnings when the degree of tax progressivity is allowed to vary with age. The setting is an overlapping-generations model that incorporates irreversible skill investment, flexible labor supply, ex ante heterogeneity in the disutility of work and the cost of skill acquisition, partially insurable wage risk, and a life cycle productivity profile. An analytically tractable version of the model without intertemporal trade is used to characterize and quantify...
-
作者：Mergele, Lukas; Weber, Michael
作者单位：Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：This paper studies whether the decentralization of public employment services (PES) increases job placements among the unemployed. Decentralizing PES has been a widely applied reform used by governments aiming to enhance their efficacy. However, economic theory is ambiguous about its effects, and empirical evidence has been scarce. Using a difference-in-differences design, we exploit unique within-country variation in decentralization provided by the partial devolution of German job centers in...
-
作者：Karlan, Dean; List, John A.
作者单位：Northwestern University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Chicago
摘要：We conducted a fundraising experiment with an international development nonprofit organization in which a matching grant offered by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation raisedmore funds than one froman anonymous donor. The effect is strongest for soliciteeswho previously gave to other BMGF-supported, poverty charities. With supporting evidence from two other fundraising experiments as well as a survey experiment, we argue this is consistentwith a quality signal mechanism. Alternativemechanism...
-
作者：Goodman, Lucas
作者单位：United States Department of the Treasury
摘要：Using tax data, this paper exploits a discontinuous increase in retirement contribution limits based on exact date of birth. This paper finds clear evidence that constrained individuals increase their retirement saving when so eligible, but finds no evidence suggesting that non-retirement saving falls. In the baseline specifications, one can rule out crowd-out greater than approximately 038 to 057 at the 95% confidence level depending on the measure used. This suggests that the additional cont...
-
作者：Avendano, Mauricio; de Coulon, Augustin; Nafilyan, Vahe
作者单位：University of London; King's College London; Harvard University; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; University of London; King's College London; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：In this paper, we examine whether longer compulsory schooling has a causal effect on mental health, exploiting a 1972 reform which raised the minimum school leaving age from age 15 to 16 in Great Britain. Using a regression discontinuity design, we find that the reform did not improve mental health. We provide evidence that extending the duration of compulsory schooling impacts mental health through channels other than increased educational attainment. We argue that these effects may mitigate ...
-
作者：Lindeboom, Maarten; Montizaan, Raymond
作者单位：Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Monash University; Maastricht University; Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC); Tilburg University
摘要：In January 2006, the Dutch government implemented a pension reform that substantially reduced the public pension wealth of workers born in 1950 or later. At the same time, a tax-facilitated savings plan was introduced that implied a large savings subsidy for all workers, irrespective of birth year. This paper uses linked administrative and survey data to assess the effect of the reform on the savings and retirement expectations and realizations of two virtually identical male cohorts that diff...
