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作者：Tannenbaum, Daniel I.
作者单位：University of Nebraska System; University of Nebraska Lincoln
摘要：While the social costs of gun violence are high, opponents of gun restrictions argue that gun ownership deters crime and creates a positive externality by increasing unobserved risk to criminals. This paper investigates the evidence for these two deterrence channels, exploiting the sudden disclosure of all handgun permit holders' names and addresses in two New York counties. Permit holders have more crime incidents at their homes relative to non-permit holders in the baseline, which is not dri...
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作者：Jaravel, Xavier; O'Connell, Martin
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：We characterize inflation dynamics during the Great Lockdown using scanner data coveringmillions of transactions for fast-moving consumer goods in the United Kingdom. We show that there was a significant and widespread spike in inflation. First, aggregate month-to-month inflation was 2.4% in the first month of lockdown, a rate over 10 times higher than in preceding months. Over half of this increase stems from reduced frequency of promotions. Consumers' purchasing power was further eroded by a...
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作者：Ku, Hyejin; Schonberg, Uta; Schreiner, Ragnhild C.
作者单位：University of London; University College London; University of Oslo
摘要：In this paper, we evaluate the effectiveness of place-based payroll taxes in stimulating local employment by exploiting a unique policy setting in Norway, where a system of geographically differentiated payroll taxes was suddenly abolished due to an EU regulation. The reform was enforced independently of the regional labor market developments, creating arguably exogenous variation in the payroll tax rates that firms in different local labor markets faced over time. We find evidence of partial ...
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作者：Broockman, David E.; Soltas, Evan J.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：We exploit a natural experiment to study discrimination in elections. In Illinois Republican presidential primaries, voters vote for delegates bound to presidential candidates, but delegates' names convey information about their race and gender. We identify discrimination from variation in vote totals among delegates bound to the same presidential candidate and who face the same voters. Examining delegate vote totals from 2000 to 2016, we estimate nonwhite delegates receive 9% fewer votes. We ...
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作者：Fredriksson, Peter; Soderstrom, Martin
作者单位：Uppsala University
摘要：We estimate the macro effect of an increase in the generosity of unemployment insurance (UI) on unemployment in Sweden using regional data. The national UI benefit formula features a benefit ceiling and a statutory replacement rate, and does not take regional wage differentials into account. Changes in the national rules are useful for identification, since a change in the benefit ceiling, for example, has a greater impact on UI generosity in a high-wage region than in a low-wage region becaus...
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作者：Lee, Ajin
作者单位：Michigan State University
摘要：Medicaid has increasingly transitioned from a government-run fee-for-service system (FFS) to a managed care system (MMC) administered by private insurers. To examine the effect of MMC, I exploit an arbitrary determinant of MMC enrollment in New York State: infants weighing less than 1200 g were excluded from MMC and were instead served through FFS. I find evidence that MMC reduces hospital costs at birth, which is driven by infants born in New York City. The hospital cost reductions arise from...
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作者：Abott, Carolyn; Kogan, Vladimir; Lavertu, Stephane; Peskowitz, Zachary
作者单位：St. John's University; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; Emory University
摘要：We use close tax elections to estimate the impact of school district funding increases on operational spending and student outcomes across seven states. Districts with passing levies directed new revenue toward support services and instructor salaries but did not increase teacher staffing levels. These districts eventually realized gains in student achievement and attainment. Our preferred estimates imply that increasing operational spending by $1000 per pupil increased test scores by approxim...
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作者：Bolhaar, Jonneke; Ketel, Nadine; van der Klaauw, Bas
作者单位：Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Tinbergen Institute; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
摘要：In this paper we focus on the role of caseworkers in the assignment and take-up of welfare-to-work programs. We conduct a field experiment that generates exogenous variation in the assignment of caseworkers to different policy regimes. The experiment allows us to provide evidence on the effectiveness of welfare-to-work programs and to study how caseworkers exploit their discretion in assigning these programs to welfare recipients. We find substantial heterogeneity in how caseworkers assign wel...
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作者：Crutzen, Benoit S. Y.; Flamand, Sabine; Sahuguet, Nicolas
作者单位：Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC; Erasmus University Rotterdam; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Universite de Montreal; HEC Montreal
摘要：We develop a model of a team contest for multiple, indivisible prizes. Team members exert costly effort to improve their team's success. We analyze two intrateam allocation rules. Under a list rule, prizes are allocated according to a predetermined list. Under an egalitarian rule, prizes are allocated according to a fair lottery. We show that which allocation rule maximizes team success depends on the degree of complementarity between members' efforts and the convexity of the individual cost o...
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作者：Allcott, Hunt; Boxell, Levi; Conway, Jacob; Gentzkow, Matthew; Thaler, Michael; Yang, David
作者单位：Microsoft; New York University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Stanford University; Harvard University
摘要：We study partisan differences in Americans' response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Political leaders and media outlets on the right and left have sent divergent messages about the severity of the crisis, which could impact the extent to which Republicans and Democrats engage in social distancing and other efforts to reduce disease transmission. We develop a simple model of a pandemic response with heterogeneous agents that clarifies the causes and consequences of heterogeneous responses. We use lo...
