-
作者：Agarwal, Sumit; Li, Keyang; Qin, Yu; Wu, Jing; Yan, Jubo
作者单位：National University of Singapore; Tsinghua University; National University of Singapore; Nanyang Technological University
摘要：In this study, we exploit a policy shock that differentially increased capital gains taxes for housing units with holding period less than 5 years, and document tax avoidance and tax evasion in the residential resale market in China. We show suggestive evidence that after the capital gains tax increase, resale transactions exhibit more bunching above 5 years of holding period, but the responses arc small and imprecisely estimated. More importantly, using precise information of both the actual ...
-
作者：Prummer, Anja
作者单位：University of London; Queen Mary University London
摘要：This paper connects the rise in polarization to changes in media technology, which allow for higher precision in the advertising strategy of candidates. Candidates place ads in media outlets whose audiences differ in ideology and size. We develop the concept of media centrality, which takes into account differences in the media network and in ideology. Media centrality leads to a simple characterization of both the optimal targeting strategy and policy. We show that generally a more fragmented...
-
作者：Aaberge, Rolf; Atkinson, Anthony B.; Modalsli, Jorgen
作者单位：Statistics Norway; University of Oxford; Oslo Metropolitan University (OsloMet)
摘要：Most evidence on the long-run evolution of income inequality is restricted to top income shares. While this evidence is relevant and important for studying the concentration of economic power, it is incomplete as an informational basis for analysing inequality in the income distribution as a whole. This paper proposes a non-parametric approach for estimating inequality in the overall distribution of income on the basis of tabular data from different sources, some in a highly aggregated form. T...
-
作者：Anderson, Michael L.; Davis, Lucas W.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：There is a widely-held view that as demand for travel goes up, this decreases not only speed but also the capacity of the road system, a phenomenon known as hypercongestion. We revisit this idea in the context of highway bottlenecks. We propose an empirical test using an event study design to measure changes in highway capacity at the onset of queue formation. We apply this test to three highway bottlenecks in California for which detailed data on traffic flows and vehicles speeds are availabl...
-
作者：Ang, Amanda; Christensen, Peter; Vieira, Renato
作者单位：University of Southern California; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Universidade Catolica de Brasilia
摘要：Road accidents are the leading cause of unnatural deaths worldwide. Cities are experimenting with more stringent speed limits in an effort to reduce them. The impacts of these policies are unclear in many developing country cities, where a disproportionate share of accident damages occur but also where speed regulations could exacerbate already high levels of congestion. We evaluate a speed limit reduction program in Sao Paulo, Brazil using a dynamic event study design and measurements of 125 ...
-
作者：Attanasio, Orazio; Blundell, Richard; Conti, Gabriella; Mason, Giacomo
作者单位：University of London; University College London; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：We examine changes in inequality in socio-emotional skills very early in life in two British cohorts born 30 years apart. We construct comparable scales using two validated instruments for themeasurement of child behaviour and identify two dimensions of socio-emotional skills: `internalising' and `externalising'. Using recent methodological advances in factor analysis, we establish comparability in the inequality of these early skills across cohorts, but not in their average level. We document...
-
作者：Jessen, Jonas; Schmitz, Sophia; Waights, Sevrin
作者单位：Leibniz Association; DIW Berlin - Deutsches Institut fur Wirtschaftsforschung; Free University of Berlin; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：We document gaps in day care enrolment by family background in a country with a universal day care system (Germany). Research demonstrates that children of parents with lower educational attainment and children of migrant parents may benefit the most from day care, making it important to understand why such enrolment gaps exist. We use a unique data set that records both parental demand for day care and actual usage to investigate determinants using complementary decomposition and quasi-experi...
-
作者：Kraft, Matthew A.; Brunner, Eric J.; Dougherty, Shaun M.; Schwegman, David J.
作者单位：Brown University; University of Connecticut; Vanderbilt University; American University
摘要：In recent years, states have sought to increase accountability for public school teachers by implementing a package of reforms centered on high-stakes evaluation systems. We examine the effect of these reforms on the supply and quality of new teachers. Leveraging variation across states and time, we find that accountability reforms reduced the number of newly licensed teacher candidates and increased the likelihood of unfilled teaching positions, particularly in hard-to-staff schools. Evidence...
-
作者：Fremeaux, Nicolas; Leturcq, Marion
作者单位：Universite Paris-Pantheon-Assas
摘要：We document the individualization of wealth in France between 1998 and 2015, using precise survey data on the property titles of assets. It is characterized by an increase in the share of wealth which is individualized by spouses (vs. jointly owned) and by an increase in the share of wealth held by singles. We show that the usual measures of wealth inequality, which allocate the same share of household wealth to each spouse or partner, overestimate the share of wealth held by women. This resul...
-
作者：Almunia, Miguel; Guceri, Irem; Lockwood, Ben; Scharf, Kimberley
作者单位：CUNEF Universidad; University of Oxford; University of Warwick; University of Birmingham
摘要：This paper estimates the effects of tax incentives on charitable contributions in the UK, using the universe of self-assessment income tax returns between 2005 and 2013. We exploit variation from a large reform in 2010 to estimate intensive- and extensive-margin tax-price elasticities of giving. Using a predicted-tax-rate instrument for the price of giving relative to consumption, we find an intensive-margin elasticity of about -0.2 and an extensive-margin elasticity of -0.1, yielding a total ...
