-
作者：Guriev, Sergei; Treisman, Daniel
作者单位：Institut d'Etudes Politiques Paris (Sciences Po); University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We develop an informational theory of autocracy. Dictators survive not by means of force or ideology but because they convince the public-rightly or wrongly-that they are competent. Citizens do not observe the leader's type but infer it from signals in their living standards, state propaganda, and messages sent by an informed elite via independent media. If citizens conclude that the leader is incompetent, they overthrow him. The dictator can invest in making convincing state propaganda, censo...
-
作者：Agranov, Marina; Cotton, Christopher; Tergiman, Chloe
作者单位：California Institute of Technology; Queens University - Canada; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park
摘要：We extend a simple repeated, multilateral bargaining model to allow successful agenda setters to hold on to power as long as they maintain the support of a majority of other committee members. Theoretically and experimentally, we compare this Endogenous Power environment with a standard Random Power environment in which agenda setters are appointed randomly each period. Although the theoretical analysis predicts that the two environments are outcome equivalent, the experimental analysis shows ...
-
作者：Funk, Patricia; Litschig, Stephan
作者单位：Universita della Svizzera Italiana; National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies
摘要：This paper investigates whether the form of the legislative institution - citizen assembly versus elected parliament - affects the level and composition of local public expenditure. Our empirical analysis focuses on medium-sized and mostly German-speaking communes in Switzerland that switched from assembly to parliament between 1945 and 2010. Event study estimates suggest that parliament adoption increases total spending by about 6% and that this increase is driven mostly by general administra...
-
作者：Harju, Jarkko; Kosonen, Tuomas; Slemrod, Joel
作者单位：VATT Institute for Economic Research; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：We study a tax evasion response to car taxes in Finland, where used car importers overstate the mileage to reduce tax liability. First, we develop a tax evasion measure by comparing reported mileage upon import with subsequent information from vehicle inspections, and find that a decline in mileage - missing miles - occurs frequently. Second, we analyze a tax rate increase, and observe a reduction in the number of imported used cars, but only among non-evaders. Finally, we analyze an RCT infor...
-
作者：Myers, Erica
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital
摘要：This paper explores whether energy cost information asymmetries exist between landlords and tenants by exploiting variation in which party pays for energy. Because tenants are always fully informed about their total housing costs in the landlord-pay regime, the effect of energy cost changes on tenant turnover, rents, and efficiency investment should differ between the two payment regimes under asymmetric information but not symmetric information. Using energy cost variation in the form of chan...
-
作者：Hendren, Nathaniel
作者单位：Harvard University
摘要：This paper provides a method to measure the traditional Kaldor-Hicks notion of economic efficiency when taxes affect behavior. In contrast to traditional unweighted surplus, measuring efficiency requires weighting individual benefits (or surplus) by the marginal cost to the government of providing a $1 transfer at each income level. These weights correspond to the solution to the inverse-optimum program in the optimal tax literature: they are the social planning weights that would rationalize ...
-
作者：Baylis, Patrick
作者单位：University of British Columbia
摘要：How do people value their climate? This paper demonstrates a new approach to estimating preferences for non-market goods using social media data. I combine more than a billion Twitter updates with natural language processing algorithms to construct a rich panel dataset of expressed sentiment for the United States and six other English-speaking countries around the world. In the U.S., I find consistent and statistically significant declines in expressed sentiment from both hot and cold temperat...
-
作者：Selin, Hakan; Simula, Laurent
作者单位：Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon (ENS de LYON)
摘要：Income shifting arises as one of the key questions when thinking about the design of a tax system as a whole. We study a simple economy, involving a benevolent policy-maker and a population of agents differing in terms of productivities, labor supply elasticities, and shifting costs. Paying special attention to the cost structure of income shifting, we highlight that when people who shift easily along the extensive margin are also more elastic in labor supply, giving them a lower tax rate is a...
-
作者：Li, Han; Li, Jiangyi; Lu, Yi; Xie, Huihua
作者单位：Southwestern University of Finance & Economics - China; Sichuan University; Tsinghua University; The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen
摘要：This paper uses the discontinuity in house size generated by Chinese housing policies to identify the effect of housing wealth on labor supply. The analysis finds a substantial deterrent effect of housing wealth on labor supply. Much of the housing wealth effect comes from the labor participation decision, with the effect on employed workers being ambiguous. Females, young generation and households with high repayment capacity are more responsive to gains in housing wealth. (C) 2020 Elsevier B...
-
作者：Casi, Elisa; Spengel, Christoph; Stage, Barbara M. B.
作者单位：University of Mannheim; Leibniz Association; Zentrum fur Europaische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW)
摘要：We study the short-term effect of the first global multilateral standard for the automatic exchange of information (AEOI), the so-called Common Reporting Standard (CRS), on cross-border tax evasion. Employing newly available bilateral data on cross-border deposits, we find that the CRS induced a reduction of 11.5% in cross-border deposits parked in tax havens. However, despite the 4000 bilateral information exchange relations created under the CRS, deposit relocation is still an option for sec...
