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作者：Bazzi, Samuel; Fiszbein, Martin; Gebresilasse, Mesay
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; National Bureau of Economic Research; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Amherst College; Boston University; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Boston University; Amherst College
摘要：Rugged individualism-the combination of individualism and anti-statism-is a prominent feature of American culture with deep roots in the country's history of frontier settlement. Today, rugged individualism is more prevalent in counties with greater total frontier experience (TFE) during the era of westward expansion. While individualism may be conducive to innovation, it can also undermine collective action, with potentially adverse social consequences. We argue that America's frontier cultur...
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作者：Bastian, Jacob E.; Jones, Maggie R.
作者单位：Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick
摘要：This paper calculates the EITC?s net cost by estimating effects, both direct and through recipients? behavioral changes, on tax revenue and government transfer spending. We show that the EITC increases labor supply and income, thereby increasing the taxes households pay and reducing the government transfer payments they receive. Using linked IRS?CPS data and several EITC policy changes, and focusing on married and unmarried women, we find that the EITC?s net cost is only 17 percent of the ($70...
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作者：Finan, Frederico; Seira, Enrique; Simpser, Alberto
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Instituto Tecnologico Autonomo de Mexico
摘要：We study how proximate neighbors affect one's propensity to vote using data on 12 million registered voters in Mexico. To identify this effect, we exploit idiosyncratic variation at the neighborhood block level resulting from approximately one million relocation decisions. We find that when individuals move to blocks where people vote more (less) they themselves start voting more (less). We show that this finding is not the result of selection into neighborhoods or of place-based factors that ...
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作者：Ash, Elliott; MacLeod, W. Bentley
作者单位：Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Columbia University; National Bureau of Economic Research; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：Should technocratic public officials be selected through politics or by merit? This paper explores how selection procedures influence the quality of selected officials in the context of U.S. state supreme courts for the years 1947-1994. In a unique set of natural experiments, state governments enacted a variety of reforms making judicial elections less partisan and establishing merit-based procedures that delegate selection to experts. We compare post-reform judges to pre-reform judges in thei...
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作者：Jia, Ruixue; Li, Hongbin
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Stanford University
摘要：A burgeoning literature has documented the importance of elite colleges. Yet, little is known about access to elite education and its labor market implications in China, a country that produces one in every five college graduates in the world. College admission in China is governed by a single exam - the national college entrance exam, and the government sets admission cutoff scores for elite colleges. We examine the impacts of scoring above the elite-tier cutoff on a student's access to elite...
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作者：Marx, Benjamin; Pons, Vincent; Suri, Tavneet
作者单位：Institut d'Etudes Politiques Paris (Sciences Po); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：We present the results from a field experiment on team diversity. Individuals working as door-to-door canvassers for a non-profit organization were randomly assigned a teammate, a supervisor, and a list of individuals to canvass. This created random variation within teams in the degree of horizontal diversity (between teammates), vertical diversity (between teammates and their supervisor) and external diversity (between teams and the individuals they canvassed). We observe team-level measures ...
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作者：Molina, Teresa; Rivadeneyra, Ivan
作者单位：University of Hawaii System; University of Hawaii Manoa
摘要：This paper estimates the effects of a 2008 policy that eliminated tuition fees at public universities in Ecuador. We use a difference-in-differences strategy that exploits variation across cohorts differentially exposed to the policy, as well as geographic variation in access to public universities. We find that the tuition fee elimination significantly increased college participation and shifted people into higher skilled jobs. We detect no statistically significant effects on income, though ...
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作者：Brodeur, Abel; Clark, Andrew E.; Fleche, Sarah; Powdthavee, Nattavudh
作者单位：University of Ottawa; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Paris School of Economics; Aix-Marseille Universite; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); University of Warwick
摘要：The COVID-19 pandemic and government intervention such as lockdowns may severely affect people's mental health. While lockdowns can help to contain the spread of the virus, they may result in substantial damage to population well-being. We use Google Trends data to test whether COVID-19 and the associated lockdowns implemented in Europe and America led to changes in well-being related topic search terms. Using difference-in-differences and a regression discontinuity design, we find a substanti...
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作者：Thompson, Paul N.
作者单位：Oregon State University
摘要：The achievement impacts of educational input quality have been well documented, but the quantity of exposure to the school environment - as measured by instructional time - also has profound impacts on students. This study examines the achievement impacts of a key instructional time reducing cost savings policy - the four-day school week. Using 3rd through 8th grade test scores from Oregon from 2005 to 2019 in a difference-in-differences analysis, I find that math test scores decrease by betwe...
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作者：McAusland, Carol
作者单位：University of British Columbia
摘要：This paper uses simple variants of Melitz (2003) to illustrate how a unilateral consumption tax can reduce consumption everywhere. The tax-levied on the carbon embodied in consumer goods-reduces demand for dirty goods, lowering the profitability of the global industry. As profitability falls, so does entry, reducing competitive pressure on remaining firms. Less entry and competition translates to fewer varieties and higher average prices for all consumers, including in policy-inactive countrie...
