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作者：Giesecke, Matthias; Jaeger, Philipp
作者单位：IZA Institute Labor Economics; Leibniz Association; RWI - Leibniz Institut fur Wirtschaftsforschung
摘要：We study the labor supply implications of the Old-Age Pension Act (OPA) of 1908, which, for the first time, provided pensions to older people in the UK. Using recently released census data covering the entire population, we exploit variation at the newly created age-based eligibility threshold. Our results show a considerable and abrupt decline in labor force participation of 6.0 percentage points (13%) when older workers reach the eligibility age of 70. To mitigate the impact of population ag...
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作者：Benzarti, Youssef; Harju, Jarkko
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; National Bureau of Economic Research; VATT Institute for Economic Research
摘要：This paper estimates the effect of payroll tax cuts on firm-level employment and balance-sheet outcomes during economic downturns. We use two regional payroll tax cuts in Finland as well as the onset of the Great Recession to estimate the effect of the recession on firms treated by the payroll tax cuts compared to a similar control group. When implemented, prior to the Great Recession, we estimate that the payroll tax cuts had limited effects on employment and balance-sheet outcomes of firms l...
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作者：Schmitz, Patrick W.
作者单位：University of Cologne; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：Consider two parties who can make non-contractible investments in the provision of a public good. Who should own the physical assets needed to provide the public good? In the literature it has been argued that the party who values the public good most should be the owner, regardless of the investment technologies. Yet, this result has been derived under the assumption of symmetric information. We show that technology matters when the negotiations over the provision of the public good take plac...
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作者：Holtsmark, Katinka; Midttomme, Kristoffer
作者单位：University of Oslo
摘要：This paper presents a novel benefit of linking emission permit markets. We let countries issue permits non-cooperatively, and with endogenous technology we show there are environmental benefits from permit trade even if countries are identical. Linking the permit markets of different countries will turn permit issuance into intertemporal strategic complements. The strategic complementarity arises because issuing fewer permits today increases investments in green energy capacity in all permit m...
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作者：de Frahan, Lancelot Henry; Maniquet, Francois
作者单位：University of Chicago; Universite Catholique Louvain
摘要：We study the tax schemes that maximize social welfare functions built on axioms of responsibility for one's preferences (the requirement that the social welfare function should treat identically agents with the same wage, independently of their preferences) and poverty reduction. We find zero and negative marginal tax rates on low incomes at the optimum and bunching at the income level of the most hardworking minimum wage households. When preferences are iso-elastic, we derive the optimal tax ...
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作者：De Luca, Giacomo; Lisi, Domenico; Martorana, Marco; Siciliani, Luigi
作者单位：University of York - UK; University of Catania; Free University of Bozen-Bolzano
摘要：We study the effect of institutional quality on the appropriateness of healthcare provision in Italian hospitals. We focus on cesarean section rates for first-time mothers, which is a common indicator of appropriateness in healthcare and is vulnerable to providers' opportunistic behaviors. To identify the causal effect of institutional quality we rely on an IV strategy based on historical instruments, exploiting the idea that current differences in institutional quality across regions have bee...
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作者：Beattie, Graham
作者单位：Loyola Marymount University
摘要：This paper analyzes whether media capture by advertisers is a potential source of the divergence between the scientific consensus and public discourse about climate change. I develop an objective measure of the tone of climate change coverage by creating an index that builds on Gentzkow and Shapiro (2010), using phrase frequency analysis to compare newspaper text with the UN's IPCC reports and the Heartland Institute's skeptical response, each of which are lengthy official reports with clear s...
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作者：Argys, Laura M.; Friedson, Andrew, I; Pitts, M. Melinda; Tello-Trillo, D. Sebastian
作者单位：University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Denver; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Atlanta; University of Virginia
摘要：A primary goal of health insurance is smoothing the financial risk associated with health shocks. We estimate the effect of exposure to health-insurance reform on individual-level financial well-being. Utilizing a plausibly exogenous shock to health insurance status resulting from a sudden disenrollment from Tennessee's Medicaid program in 2005, we find that the reform resulted in a 2.78 point decline in credit risk score for an individual in the median county in Tennessee. This study is the f...
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作者：Tazhitdinova, Alisa
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara
摘要：I explore labor supply responses to an unusually large and salient notch generated by the Mini-Job program in Germany. Using administrative data, I document three findings. First, despite the unusually large magnitude of incentives, earnings elasticities are modest, even after accounting for frictions. Second, the observed response cannot be fully attributed to labor supply alone; rather, the observed outcomes are highly dependent on the availability of jobs and, so are strongly influenced by ...
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作者：Brassiolo, Pablo; Estrada, Ricardo; Fajardo, Gustavo
摘要：We show that local politicians' probability of being employed by a municipality increases when they have a strong party connection to its mayor. Using a regression discontinuity design, we compare the employment outcomes of individuals connected to the winner vis-a-vis those connected to the runner-up in close mayoral races in Ecuador. Among candidates to local councils who lose their bid, the probability of getting a job in the municipality increases tenfold when their own party's mayoral nom...
