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作者：CHIU, WH
摘要：In an overlapping generations economy of Karni and Zilcha (1989), a fully-funded social security program is shown to reduce the aggregate levels of output, consumption, employment, and capital when the social security and the existing private annuities are equally unfair (actuarially).
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作者：KRELOVE, R
摘要：I both characterize and evaluate equilibrium outcomes in multiple-jurisdiction economies with proPerty and land taxation but where direct taxation of residents is not possible. The model contains perfectly mobile capital and population, and competitive, entrepreneurial governments that choose local taxes and expenditures to maximize after-tax land rent. When the cost of public goods is proportional to population the property tax emerges as the sole source of local finance, even though the land...
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作者：LINDBECK, A; WEIBULL, JW
作者单位：Stockholm University; Stockholm University
摘要：This paper studies political equilibrium in a two-party representative democracy in which the political parties are policy motivated and voters trade off their policy preferences against their 'party identity'. It is shown that the parties will in general adopt differing policy positions in equilibrium, and that, under certain qualifications, the winning policy will lie between the more popular party's preferred policy and a certain utilitarian optimum. The winning policy will be closer to thi...
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作者：IRVINE, IJ; SIMS, WA
作者单位：Concordia University - Canada
摘要：This paper analyzes the question of how to appropriately tax alcoholic beverages at a disaggregated level. Using the theory of tax reform, the social cost of raising revenue from different alcoholic beverages is calculated. The externality associated with alcohol consumption is explicitly modeled. The problem is approached by building a multistage budgeting model of expenditure which is necessitated by the lack of elasticity information at the required level of disaggregation. The model is app...
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作者：BAILEY, MJ
摘要：Discussions of the Ricardian equivalence concept have generally centered on the notion of a dynastic extended family in which the utility of each generation depends on its own consumption and on the utilities of its descendants. This paper shows that there are other reasons why we could observe the Ricardian result, either exactly or approximately. One reason is the capitalization of property taxes into property values. The other reason is that the bequest itself could be a variable in parents...
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作者：KEEN, M; LAHIRI, S
作者单位：Queens University - Canada
摘要：This paper examines the strategic use of domestic tax instruments and the welfare effects of multilateral domestic tax reform in a model of international Cournot oligopoly. The welfare effects of commodity tax harmonization (appropriately defined) are precisely as in the competitive case: it is always potentially Pareto-improving, and starting from the Nash equilibrium in tax rates is Pareto-improving without any need for compensation. A mutual reduction of production subsidies benefits the ef...
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作者：OLMSTED, GM; DENZAU, AT; ROBERTS, JA
作者单位：Washington University (WUSTL); Indiana University System; Indiana University Northwest; California State University System; California State University Long Beach
摘要：This paper examines two institutional factors that influenced school spending in Missouri during the 1970s. First, the retirement of a bond issue is usually accompanied by an increase in the operating tax rate (which requires voter approval). The retirement of a bond issue does not reduce, but apparently obscures, the cost of a tax increase. In addition, a change in assessment practices in 1975 allowed some districts to increase their effective operating rates without voter approval. Each of t...
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作者：DUNCOMBE, W; YINGER, J
作者单位：Syracuse University
摘要：This paper analyzes returns to scale in public production. Existing studies fail to differentiate among three dimensions of scale: service quality, the level of governmental activity, and the number of people served. A fourth dimension, economies of scope, is need for agencies that provide multiple services. This paper provides a formal definition of returns to scale for each dimension. This framework is applied to fire protection, using a translog cost function with two services, fire prevent...
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作者：CHU, CYC; JIANG, N
作者单位：National Taiwan University
摘要：It is a well-established argument in economic analysis of criminal policy that, as far as crime deterrence is concerned, we should first use the fine to its maximum before supplementing it with an imprisonment term. We show in this paper that this orthodox belief is wrong. When there is a spectrum of crimes that can be chosen by potential criminals with different levels of wealth, as is the case in reality, we show that a combination of imprisonment and a less-than-maximum fine may be more eff...
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作者：BOVENBERG, AL
作者单位：Erasmus University Rotterdam; Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC
摘要：Using an intertemporal equilibrium model with overlapping generations, this paper explores how intergenerational and international distributional effects, in addition to intertemporal efficiency impacts, affect the macroeconomic consequences of investment-promoting policies. Whereas the intergenerational distributional effects may weaken the initial expansionary effects of an investment tax credit, they strengthen the short-run positive effects on domestic demand exerted by a lower corporate t...
