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作者：SCHMIDT, CM; STILZ, A; ZIMMERMANN, KF
作者单位：University of Munich; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：The widening gap between the dismal economic situation in the less developed economies and the economic prospects of migrant to Western economies has generated a potential for mass migration. At the same time, the developed economies have experienced high and persistent unemployment among their unskilled workers who would have to compete with new immigrants. We use a model that distinguishes labor markets by skill and concentrate on the imperfectly competitive mechanism of wage determination i...
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作者：ROTHSTEIN, P
摘要：Remarkably little is known about how to analyze the proposals and voting results from spending referenda when the votes are aggregated by jurisdiction and the proposals are different across jurisdictions. This paper presents a framework in which we can derive the voting equation, comparative statics, and links between reduced form and structural parameters that are implied by different models of the proposal-maker. It is then possible to use interjurisdictional proposal and voting information ...
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作者：DESERPA, AC
摘要：This paper provides a rigorous statement of the Coase theorem and establishes a formal equivalence between abstract allocative mechanisms attributed to Coase and Pigou. The model proceeds from output functions that reduce to production functions in special cases, thereby capturing effects that are obscured by conventional production and cost functions. The model also emphasizes fundamental differences in the characteristics of inputs (particularly land) that are implied in the construction of ...
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作者：DREZE, JH; ARROW, K; ATKINSON, AB; BASU, K; HONKAPOHJA, S; KRUEGER, A; MORALES, JA; STERN, N
作者单位：University of Oxford
摘要：This is the final report of a Committee appointed in 1991 by the International Economic Association to investigate the desirability and feasibility of establishing a new Graduate ''School of Economics and Economic Development'' (SEED) as an international center of excellence in a Third-World Country. The report reviews the purpose of such an institution, and provides an ideal blueprint. Key elements are a Third-World location, a special but non-exclusive commitment to issues of development, an...
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作者：SLEMROD, J
摘要：This paper examines optimal income tax progressivity when avoidance responses to taxation are important, and can be controlled at some cost by the government. A simple example shows that ignoring the fact that avoidance can be controlled - that the leak in Okun's bucket can be fixed - can lead to misleading implications about the optimal degree of tax rate progressivity. The paper then generalizes the standard model of the optimal linear income tax to include taxpayer avoidance behavior and th...
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作者：ROLAND, G; VERDIER, T
作者单位：Universite PSL; Ecole Normale Superieure (ENS)
摘要：This paper proposes a model to shed light on two important policy features of privatization in Central and Eastern Europe: the idea of a necessary critical mass of privatization on one hand, and the great difficulties encountered in the actual privatization process on the other. The model incorporates a positive externality related to the size of the private sector. Multiple equilibria may arise for political and economic reasons. Policies of free distribution are analysed with the model. They...
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作者：BILODEAU, M
摘要：The performance of tax-earmarking institutions that require individuals to contribute some minimum levels toward public goods but do not constrain the composition of their contributions is examined. It is shown that in a non-negligible class of circumstances, leaving the spending decisions in the hands of individuals would yield a unique non-cooperative equilibrium in the (constrained) core. These results are then applied to the analysis of financing rules for public and separate schools in Ca...
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作者：BROWNING, EK
摘要：This paper argues that there are a large number of non-tax phenomena that have the effect of reducing input prices below marginal value products, just as do taxes on income. It is shown that the presence of the 'non-tax wedge' between the marginal value product of labor and the net wage is highly significant for the analysis of the total and marginal welfare costs of taxes. (Similarly, the presence of the tax wedge is significant for the analysis of the welfare effects of the non-tax phenomena...
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作者：DEMOUGIN, D; SINN, HW
作者单位：University of Munich; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：This paper studies alternative methods of privatizing a formerly communist firm in the presence of imperfect risk markets. The methods include cash sales, a give-away scheme, and a participation contract where the government retains a sleeping fractional ownership in the firm. It is shown that, with competitive bidding, the participation contract dominates cash sales because it generates both more private restructuring investment and a higher expected present value of revenue for the governmen...
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作者：PUDNEY, S; SUTHERLAND, H
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of Leicester; University of Cambridge
摘要：We assess the statistical reliability of microsimulation models in two ways: by comparing simulated outcomes with survey 'actuals'; and by calculating asymptotic confidence intervals for a variety of summary measures. The confidence intervals we derive take account of re-weighting for differential survey response, and also the effects of imposing revenue-neutrality. They are calculated for a version of one of the most widely-used U.K. tax-benefit simulation models. The results suggest that bas...
