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作者：Myers, GM; Papageorgiou, YY
作者单位：Simon Fraser University; McMaster University; McMaster University
摘要：We examine a model of a rich country with a redistributive public sector and facing costly immigration control. When illegal immigrants have access to the public sector we show that, as border control becomes more expensive, inequality in the rich country increases, redistributive transfers decrease and then may increase, some immigration is permitted and foreign aid may be used to reduce the migration pressure. Because of nonconvexities, we also show that a small increase in the poor country'...
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作者：Baum-Snow, N; Kahn, ME
作者单位：Columbia University; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - New York
摘要：Many US cities invest in large public transit projects in order to reduce private vehicle dependence and to reverse the downward trend in public transit use. Using a unique panel data set for five major cities that upgraded their rail transit systems in the 1980s, we estimate new rail transit's impact on usage and housing values, using distance as a proxy for transit access. New rail transit has a small impact on usage and housing values. This impact is enough to represent tangible benefits of...
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作者：Hudson, J; Godwin, M
作者单位：University of Bath
摘要：This paper analyses the determinants of compliance costs of the system of direct taxation known as Pay as you Earn (PAYE) in the UK. This is administered by firms who deduct the tax from their employees and, after a lag, pay it to the Government. The analysis shows that there are important economies of scale. In addition compliance costs are directly proportional to (i) 'disturbance variables' such as labour market flows, (ii) 'complexity variables' as proxied by the average wage and the propo...
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作者：Berkowitz, D; Li, W
作者单位：Duke University; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh
摘要：This paper develops the concept of tax rights to analyze the impact of fiscal institutions on economic development in transition economies. A government's tax rights are poorly defined when it and other governments and agencies can unilaterally levy taxes on the same tax base. Existing evidence suggests that Chinese local governments have gained more clearly defined tax rights than their Russian counterparts. Using the 'big push' model of industrialization [Murphy, K., Shleifer, A., Vishny, R....
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作者：Bontems, P; Bourgeon, JM
作者单位：Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; INRAE; Universite Paris Nanterre
摘要：We analyze the relative efficiency of output and input incentive schemes in an agency model under adverse selection. Depending on the marginal rate of substitution between effort and productivity, two cases of note may appear. In the first one, both incentive schemes imply the same ranking of agents regarding the productivity parameter. In that case, one instrument always dominates the other one, whatever the agent's type. In the second case, the two schemes produce reverse rankings and the pr...
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作者：Gary-Bobo, RJ; Jaaidane, T
作者单位：CY Cergy Paris Universite; Institut Universitaire de France; Universitat d'Alacant
摘要：We consider a revelation mechanism for the production of public goods. A sample of consumers is drawn at random. Each member of the sample is asked to reveal her(his) preferences; agents are subjected to transfers of the Groves class; and any surplus of taxes collected on sampled agents is redistributed to non-sampled agents. This polling mechanism is non-parametric, revealing in dominant strategies, budget balanced, and approximately efficient if the consumer population is large. When applied...
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作者：Card, D; Levine, PB
作者单位：Wellesley College; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper examines the impact on the duration of unemployment insurance receipt of a politically motivated program that offered 13 weeks of 'extended benefits' for 6 months in 1996. Using state-level data and individual administrative records from before, during and after the program, we find that it raised the fraction of claimants who exhausted their regular benefits by 1-3 percentage points. Had the program run long enough to affect claimants from the first day of their spell, the fraction...
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作者：Coleman, WJ II
作者单位：Duke University
摘要：This paper estimates that the US could attain large welfare gains by implementing an optimal Ramsey tax policy that taxes consumption and income. It is also found that the welfare implications associated with taxing consumption are quantitatively more important than those associated with dynamically taxing income. Indeed, replacing income taxes with a constant consumption tax leads to a welfare gain that is only slightly lower than that attained by a dynamic policy that taxes consumption and i...
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作者：Lang, MH; Shackelford, DA
作者单位：University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill
摘要：We empirically document that stock prices moved inversely with dividend yields during the May, 1997 week when the White House and Congress agreed on a budget accord that included a reduction in the capital gains tax rate. The findings are consistent with equity prices capitalizing expected capital gains taxes. Two scenarios are possible. First, to the extent returns are expected to be taxed as capital gains, a reduction in the expected capital gains tax rate enhances market value. Second, to t...
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作者：Shea, J
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park
摘要：This paper asks whether parents' income per se has a positive impact on children's abilities. Previous research has established that income is positively correlated across generations. This does nor. prove that parents' money matters, however, since income is presumably correlated with ability. This paper estimates the impact of parents' income by focusing on income variation due to factors - union, industry, and job loss - that arguably represent luck. I find that changes in parents' income d...
