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作者：Lopez, Ramon; Galinato, Gregmar I.
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park
摘要：This paper empirically documents the effects of subsidizing private goods to the detriment of the government's supply of public goods. We use a new data set from the rural sector in fifteen Latin American countries over the period 1985-2001 collected using a methodology that allows us to separate government subsidies to private goods from expenditures in the provision of public goods. The econometric evidence shows that the government's decision to subsidize either private or public goods has ...
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作者：Evans, William N.; Owens, Emily G.
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：The Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 established the Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) program that provided grants to states and localities to pay up to 75% of the cost for new police hires for 3 years. To date, the COPS program has awarded almost $5 billion in hiring grants paying for 64,000 new police officers. We use annual data from 1990 through 2001 from 2074 cities with populations in excess of 10,000 to show that for each officer paid for by grant funds, ...
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作者：Engelhardt, Gary V.; Kumar, Anil
作者单位：Syracuse University; Syracuse University; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Dallas
摘要：Employer matching of employee 401(k)contributions is often touted as a powerful incentive to save for retirement and is a key component in pension-plan design in the United States. Using detailed administrative contribution, earnings, and pension-plan data from the Health and Retirement Study, this analysis formulates a life-cycle-consistent econometric specification of 401(k) saving and estimates the determinants of saving accounting for non-linearities in the household budget set induced by ...
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作者：Andreoni, James
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：When a single gift goes to a group of recipients, how does giving depend on the size of the group? This question is important for understanding charitable giving and fund-raising, public goods provision, family altruism, and more. If we think of the gift as giving up a dollar to create a social surplus, then we want to know how the number of recipients of that surplus affects its value to the giver. In other words, how congestible is altruism? This paper builds a theoretical framework for this...
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作者：Boadway, Robin; Song, Zhen; Tremblay, Jean-Francois
作者单位：Queens University - Canada; University of Ottawa
摘要：We study multi-stage processes of non-cooperative voluntary provision of public goods. In the first stage, one or more players announce contributions that may be conditional on the subsequent contributions of others. In later stages, players choose their own contributions and fulfill any commitments made in the first stage. Equilibrium contributions are characterized under different assumptions about the commitment ability of players, the number of public goods and whether players commit to ma...
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作者：Hellwig, Martin F.
作者单位：Max Planck Society
摘要：The paper provides a new formulation of the Mirrlees-Seade theorem on the positivity of the optimal marginal income tax, under weaker assumptions and in a more general model. The formulation of the theorem is independent of whether the model involves finitely many types or a continuous type distribution. The formal argument makes the underlying logic transparent, relating the mathematics to the economics and showing precisely how each assumption enters the analysis. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All ...
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作者：Devereux, M. P.; Lockwood, B.; Redoano, M.
作者单位：University of Warwick; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：This paper provides a simple but general theoretical framework for analyzing simultaneous vertical and horizontal competition in excise taxes, which includes several previous contributions as special cases. It allows for both elastic individual demand for the taxed good, and cross-border shopping (and smuggling). It then estimates equations informed by the theory on a panel of US state and federal excise taxes on cigarettes and gasoline. The results are generally consistent with the theory, wh...
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作者：Song, Jae G.; Manchester, Joyce
摘要：This paper examines the labor force activity and timing of benefit claims of workers aged 65-69 in response to the removal of the retirement earnings test in 2000. We use the 1% sample of longitudinal Social Security administrative data that covers the period from 4 years before to 4 years after the removal of the test. Using a reduced-form quantile regression method, we find that effects on earnings are limited to workers with earnings just around the test threshold and above, as predicted by...
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作者：West, Sarah E.; Williams, Roberton C., III
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; Macalester College; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin
摘要：This study estimates parameters necessary to calculate the optimal second-best gasoline tax, most notably the cross-price elasticity between gasoline and leisure. Prior theoretical work indicates the importance of this elasticity, but despite this, almost none of the prior studies of commodity taxation (and none of the studies on second-best environmental regulation) actually estimate it. Using household data, we find that gasoline is a relative complement to leisure, and thus that the optimal...
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作者：Bettinger, Eric; Slonim, Robert
作者单位：University System of Ohio; Case Western Reserve University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Recent policy initiatives offer cash payments to children (and often their families) to induce better health and educational choices. These policies implicitly assume that children are especially impatient (i.e., have high discount rates); however, little is known about the nature of children's patience, how it varies across children, and whether children can even make rational inter-temporal choices. This paper examines the inter-temporal choices of 5- to 16-year-old children in an artefactua...
