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作者：Messer, Kent D.; Zarghamee, Homa
作者单位：University of Delaware; Santa Clara University; Cornell University
摘要：This research examines how three common contextual factors can affect contributions in the linear voluntary contributions mechanism (VCM). Using business student subjects and a low marginal per capita rate of return, the results show that contributions in the last of ten rounds range from 18% for the traditional VCM with no initial cheap talk, no voting, and a status quo of not giving to 94% in a VCM with initial cheap talk, voting, and a status quo of giving. The results demonstrate that cont...
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作者：Vendrik, Maarten C. M.; Woltjer, Geert B.
作者单位：Hasselt University; Maastricht University
摘要：A central finding in happiness research is that a person's life satisfaction depends on the level of her income relative to the average income in her social reference group. This dependence of life satisfaction on relative income can be related to the reference dependence of the value function in Kahneman and Tversky's [Kahneman, D., Tversky, A., 1979. Prospect theory: an analysis of decision under risk. Econometrica 47, 263-291] prospect theory. In this paper we investigate whether the charac...
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作者：Horstmann, Ignatius J.; Scharf, Kimberley; Slivinski, Al
作者单位：Western University (University of Western Ontario); University of Warwick; University of Toronto; University of Toronto
摘要：This paper explores the theoretical relationship between tax relief for private giving and individual location choice. Tax relief for giving may receive political support at the local level because of its distributional effects; however, through its effects on public provision choices, such relief may affect individual location decisions and, in so doing, has an impact on the jurisdictional configurations that can arise in equilibrium. For some demographic parameters it will promote economic s...
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作者：Zamac, Jovan
作者单位：Uppsala University
摘要：This study compares alternative designs of an unfunded pension system. Convex combinations between a fixed contribution rate and a fixed benefit rate are considered. The objective is to maximize the expected ex ante welfare under stochastic fertility. The model is a three-period CGE framework where the financing of education and effects on factor prices are accounted for. Factor prices depend on the degree of capital mobility. For low degrees of capital mobility, it is optimal to have a fixed ...
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作者：Siqueira, Kevin; Sandler, Todd
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Dallas
摘要：This paper presents a three-stage proactive game involving terrorists, elected policymakers, and voters. In each of two targeted countries, a representative voter chooses an elected policymaker, charged with deciding proactive countermeasures to ameliorate a transnational terrorist threat. Two primary considerations drive the voters' strategic choice: free riding on the other countries' countermeasures and limiting a reprisal terrorist attack. The resulting low proactive countermeasures benefi...
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作者：Cullen, Julie Berry; Gordon, Roger H.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：How does the tax law affect individual incentives to engage in entrepreneurial risk taking? We first show theoretically that taxes can affect incentives due to differences in tax rates on business vs. wage income, due to differences in the marginal tax rates faced on losses vs. profits through a progressive rate structure and through the option to incorporate, and due to risk sharing with the government. We then provide empirical evidence using U.S. individual tax return data that each of thes...
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作者：Blumkin, Tomer; Margalioth, Yoram; Sadka, Efraim
作者单位：Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv University
摘要：We consider a model of prejudice-driven discrimination, where the advantaged 'tall' discriminate against the disadvantaged 'short'. We employ an egalitarian social welfare function to compare anti-discrimination legal rules with a non-discriminatory ('height-blind') income tax. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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作者：Gorodnichenko, Yuriy; Peter, Klara Sabirianova
作者单位：University System of Georgia; Georgia State University; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：This study provides the first systematic measure of bribery using micro-level data on reported earnings, household spending and asset holdings. We use the compensating differential framework and the estimated sectoral gap in reported earnings and expenditures to identify the size of unobserved (unofficial) compensation (i.e., bribes) of public sector employees. In the case of Ukraine, we find that public sector employees receive 24-32% less wages than their private sector counterparts. The gap...
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作者：Fullerton, Don; Heutel, Garth
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin
摘要：We study the distributional effects of a pollution tax in general equilibrium, with general forms of substitution where pollution might be a relative complement or substitute for labor or for capital in production. We find closed form solutions for pollution, output prices, and factor prices. Various special cases help clarify the impact of differential factor intensities, substitution effects, and output effects. Intuitively, the pollution tax might place disproportionate burdens on capital i...
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作者：Knight, Brian
作者单位：Brown University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper tests for the capitalization of policy platforms into equity prices using a sample of 70 firms favored under Bush or Gore platforms during the 2000 U.S. Presidential Election. Two sources of daily data during the six months leading up to the election are incorporated: firm-specific equity returns and the probability of a Bush victory as implied by prices from the Iowa Electronic Market. For this group of politically sensitive firms, the daily baseline estimates demonstrate that plat...
