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作者：Friesen, Jane; Krauth, Brian
作者单位：Simon Fraser University
摘要：A student's peers are often thought to influence his or her educational outcomes. If so, an unequal distribution of advantaged and disadvantaged students across schools (sorting) in a community will amplify existing inequalities. This paper explores the relationship between the degree of sorting across schools within a community and educational inequality as measured by the variance of standardized high school exam scores within the community. Cross-sectional OLS estimates suggest that the var...
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作者：Hanushek, Eric A.; Kain, John F.; Rivkin, Steven G.; Branch, Gregory F.
作者单位：Stanford University; University of Texas System; University of Texas Dallas; Amherst College; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Charter schools have become a very popular instrument for reforming public schools, because they expand choices, facilitate local innovation, and provide incentives for the regular public schools while remaining under public control. Despite their conceptual appeal, analysis has been hindered by the selective nature of their student populations. This paper investigates the quality of charter schools in Texas in terms of mathematics and reading achievement and finds that average school quality ...
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作者：Drazen, Allan; Limao, Nuno; Stratmann, Thomas
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; George Mason University
摘要：The perceived importance of special interest group money in election campaigns motivates widespread use of caps on allowable contributions. We present a bargaining model in which the effect of a cap that is not too stringent on the amount a lobby can contribute improves its bargaining position relative to the politician. It thus increases the payoff from lobbying, which will therefore increase the equilibrium number of lobbies when lobby formation is endogenous. Caps may then also increase agg...
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作者：Sheshinski, E.
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作者：Barankay, Iwan; Lockwood, Ben
作者单位：University of Warwick; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of Warwick
摘要：Advocates of fiscal decentralization argue that among other benefits, it can increase the efficiency of delivery of government services. This paper is one of the first to evaluate this claim empirically by looking at the association between expenditure decentralization and the productive efficiency of government using a data set of Swiss cantons. We first provide careful evidence that expenditure decentralization is a powerful proxy for legal local autonomy. Further panel regressions of Swiss ...
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作者：Breuille, Marie-Laure; Gary-Bobo, Robert J.
作者单位：heSam Universite; Universite Pantheon-Sorbonne; Paris School of Economics; Universite Paris Nanterre; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：In the present article, Tiebout meets Laffont and Tirole in the land of fiscal federalism. A non-trivial Principal-Multi-Agent model is used to characterize the optimal intergovernmental grant schedule, when the cost of local public goods depends on hidden characteristics and actions of local governments, and under citizen free mobility. We show how informational rents, landlords' interests, and citizen mobility interact to produce distortions at both ends of the type space: in particular the ...
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作者：Card, David; Rothstein, Jesse
作者单位：Princeton University; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Racial segregation is often blamed for some of the achievement gap between blacks and whites. We study the effects of school and neighborhood segregation on the relative SAT scores of black students across different metropolitan areas, using large microdata samples for the 1998-2001 test cohorts. Our models include detailed controls for the family background of individual test-takers, school-level controls for selective participation in the test, and city-level controls for racial composition,...
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作者：Coile, Courtney C.; Levine, Phillip B.
作者单位：Wellesley College; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper argues that labor market conditions are an important and often overlooked determinant of retirement transitions. In our analysis, we examine how the unemployment rate affects retirement and whether the Social Security (SS) system and Unemployment Insurance (UI) system influence how older workers respond to labor market shocks. We use pooled cross-sectional data from the March Current Population Survey (CPS) in our analysis. We find that downturns in the labor market increase retirem...
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作者：Duggan, Mark; Singleton, Perry; Song, Jae
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; Brookings Institution; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：The Social Security Amendments of 1983 reduced the generosity of Social Security retired worker benefits in the U.S. by increasing the program's fall retirement age from 65 to 67 and increasing the penalty for claiming benefits at the early retirement age of 62. These changes were phased in gradually, so that individuals born in or before 1937 were unaffected and those born in 1960 or later were fully affected. No corresponding changes were made to the program's disabled worker benefits, and t...
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作者：Booker, Kevin; Gilpatric, Scott M.; Gronberg, Timothy; Jansen, Dennis
作者单位：University of Tennessee System; University of Tennessee Knoxville; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station
摘要：We employ a panel of individual student data on math and reading test performance for five cohorts of students in Texas to study the impact of charter school attendance. We control for school mobility effects and distinguish movement to a charter school from movement within and between traditional public school districts. We find students experience poor test score growth in their initial year in a charter school, but that this is followed by recovery in the subsequent years. Failure to accoun...
