-
作者：van Ours, Jan C.; Vodopivee, Milan
作者单位：Tilburg University; University of Melbourne; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：This paper analyzes how a change in Slovenia's unemployment insurance law affected the quality of jobs workers found after periods of unemployment. Taking advantage the natural experiment we show through difference-in-differences estimation results that reducing the potential duration of unemployment benefits had no detectable effect on wages, on the probability of securing a permanent rather than a temporary job, or on the duration of the post-unemployment job. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All righ...
-
作者：Nikiforakis, Nikos
作者单位：University of Melbourne
摘要：A number of experimental studies have shown that the opportunity to punish anti-social behavior increases cooperation levels when agents face a social dilemma. Using a public good experiment, I show that in the presence of counter-punishment opportunities cooperators are less willing to punish free riders. As a result, cooperation breaks down and groups have lower earnings in comparison to a treatment without punishments where free riding is predominant. Approximately one quarter of all punish...
-
作者：Loewenstein, George; Ubel, Peter A.
作者单位：Carnegie Mellon University; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：Many economists are becoming supportive of 'soft' paternalistic interventions that help people to avoid common decision errors without curtailing individual autonomy. To identify when such interventions could be beneficial, and to assess their success, requires a welfare criterion. However, traditional preference or choice-based criteria cannot serve this function because they assume that whatever people choose makes them better off. An alternative criterion that bases welfare on happiness rat...
-
作者：Brett, Craig; Weymark, John A.
作者单位：Vanderbilt University; Mount Allison University
摘要：The impact of changing an individual's skill level on the solution to a finite population version of the Mirrlees optimal nonlinear income tax problem with quasilinear-in-leisure preferences is investigated. It is shown that it is possible to sign the directions of change in everyone's optimal consumptions and optimal marginal tax rates in response to such a change. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
-
作者：Araujo, M. Caridad; Ferreira, Francisco H. G.; Lanjouw, Peter; Oezler, Berk
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：This paper provides evidence consistent with elite capture of Social Fund investment projects in Ecuador. Exploiting a unique combination of data sets on village-level income distributions, Social Fund project administration, and province-level electoral results, we test a simple model of project choice when local political power is unequally distributed. In accordance with the predictions of the model, poorer villages are more likely to receive projects that provide excludable (private) goods...
-
作者：Gollier, Christian
作者单位：Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Toulouse School of Economics
摘要：By using their financial reserves efficiently, pension funds can smooth shocks on their asset returns, and can thus facilitate intergenerational risk-sharing. In addition to the primary benefit of improved time-diversification, this form of risk allocation affords the additional benefit of allowing these funds to take better advantage of the equity premium, which also favors the consumers. In this paper, our aim is twofold. First, we characterize the socially efficient policy rules of a collec...
-
作者：Cremer, Helmuth; De Donder, Philippe; Gahvari, Firouz
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Toulouse School of Economics; Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Toulouse School of Economics; Institut Universitaire de France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Toulouse School of Economics
摘要：This paper presents a political economy model that is consistent with the low rate of emission taxes in the U.S., as well as the fact that neither Democrats nor Republicans propose to increase them. The voters differ according to their wage and capital incomes. They vote over the emission tax rate and a budgetary rule that specifies how to redistribute the tax proceeds. The political competition is modeled a la Roemer [Roemer, J., 2001. Political Competition: Theory and Applications. Harvard U...
-
作者：Hindriks, Jean; Peralta, Susana; Weber, Shlomo
作者单位：Universite Catholique Louvain; Universidade Nova de Lisboa; Southern Methodist University; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：The paper considers a model of federation with two heterogeneous regions that try to attract the capital by competing in capital income taxes and public investment that enhance the productivity of capital. Regions' choices determine allocation of capital across the regions and their revenues under a tax sharing scheme. This framework allows for the examination of different approaches to fiscal equalization schemes [Boadway, R., Flatters, F., 1982. Efficiency and equalization payments in a fede...
-
作者：Layard, R.; Nickell, S.; Mayraz, G.
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of Oxford
摘要：In normative public economics it is crucial to know how fast the marginal utility of income declines as income increases. One needs this parameter for cost-benefit analysis, for optimal taxation and for the (Atkinson) measurement of inequality. We estimate this parameter using four large cross-sectional surveys of subjective happiness and two panel surveys. Altogether, the data cover over 50 countries and time periods between 1972 and 2005. In each of the six very different surveys, using a nu...
-
作者：Finkelstein, Amy; McKnight, Robin
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Oregon
摘要：We study the impact of the introduction of one of the major pillars of the social insurance system in the United States: the introduction of Medicare in 1965. Our results suggest that, in its first 10 years, the establishment of universal health insurance for the elderly had no discernible impact on elderly mortality. However, we find a substantial reduction in the elderly's exposure to out of pocket medical expenditure risk. Specifically, we estimate that the introduction of Medicare was asso...
