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作者：Eggert, Wolfgang; Sorensen, Peter Birch
作者单位：University of Copenhagen; University of Paderborn; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：We set up a probabilistic voting model to explore the hypothesis that tax competition improves public sector efficiency and social welfare. In the absence of tax base mobility, distortions in the political process induce vote-maximising politicians to create rents to public sector employees. Allowing tax base mobility may be welfare-enhancing up to a point, because the ensuing tax competition will reduce rents. However, if tax competition is carried too far, it will reduce welfare by causing a...
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作者：Zissimos, Ben; Wooders, Myma
作者单位：Vanderbilt University
摘要：We show that, in a setting where tax competition promotes efficiency, variation in the extent to which firms can use public goods to reduce costs brings about a reduction in the intensity of tax competition. This in turn brings about a loss of efficiency. In this environment, a 'minimum tax' counters the reduction in the intensity of tax competition, thereby enhancing efficiency. 'Split-the-difference' tax harmonization also potentially enhances efficiency but would not be agreed upon by gover...
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作者：Baroni, David P.
作者单位：Stanford University
摘要：This paper presents a theory of corporate social responsibility in the form of the private provision of public goods and private redistribution by a firm. These social expenditures are determined by a manager operating under a compensation contract chosen by shareholders in a capital market that prices social expenditures. The theory incorporates three explanations for compensation systems that encompass social performance. First, consumers may reward the firm for its social expenditures; seco...
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作者：Berman, Eli; Laitin, David D.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; National Bureau of Economic Research; Stanford University
摘要：Can rational models, once theological explanations are discredited, explain why certain radical religious rebels are so successful in perpetrating suicide attacks? The fundamental barrier to success turns out not to be recruiting suicide attackers; there is a rational basis for volunteering. Rather, the barrier is the danger of other operatives defecting. A club model, portraying voluntary religious organizations as efficient providers of local public goods, explains how they weed out potentia...
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作者：Henry, Emeric
作者单位：University of London; London Business School
摘要：We study a collective decision making environment where an agenda setter makes strategic proposals to privately informed voters who vote strategically. We show that, consistent with empirical evidence, it can be optimal for the agenda setter to propose supermajorities. Due to an informational role that we unveil, optimal supermajorities can be less costly than minimum winning coalitions, even though more voters are awarded a positive share. We also examine consequences in terms of quality of d...
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作者：Bovenberg, A. Lans; Goulder, Lawrence H.; Jacobsen, Mark R.
作者单位：Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Tilburg University; University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：This paper explores how the costs of meeting given aggregate targets for pollution emissions change with the imposition of the requirement that key pollution-related industries be compensated for potential losses of profit from the pollution regulation. We apply a numerically solved general equilibrium model to compare the incidence and costs of emissions taxes, fuel (intermediate input) taxes, performance standards and mandated technologies in the absence and presence of this compensation req...
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作者：Philipson, Tomas; Berndt, Ernst R.; Gottschalk, Adrian H. B.; Sun, Eric
作者单位：University of Chicago; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); RAND Corporation
摘要：The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is estimated to regulate markets accounting for about 20% of consumer spending in the U.S. Despite the FDA's strict adherence to evidence-based evaluation of the safety and efficacy of the products it regulates, there exists no generally agreed upon evidence-based methodology to evaluate the agency's own safety and efficacy record. This paper proposes a methodology to evaluate FDA policies in general, and the central speed-safety tradeoff it faces, i...
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作者：Seidmann, Daniel J.
作者单位：University of Nottingham
摘要：A plurality-rule spatial committee can select an extreme decision if a bare minority of members prefer the opposite extreme decision: the majority who prefer a moderate decision are immobilised by internal divisions. Consequently, a nominator may appoint candidates with the opposite preference ordering so as to build up the bare minority. Our results may explain why Disraeli extended the franchise to skilled male workers in 1867 against centrist opposition; and why an electorate whose preferen...
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作者：Apinunmahakul, Amornrat; Devlin, Rose Anne
作者单位：University of Ottawa; National Institute of Development Administration - Thailand
摘要：A theoretical model is provided in which an individual's social network enhances the consumption benefits from the public good. We find conditions under which investments in network enhancing infrastructure would encourage individuals to donate time and money to charity. An empirical investigation of the link between networks and private philanthropy is undertaken using the Canadian National Survey of Giving, Volunteering and Participating. We find strong evidence that networks promote donatio...
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作者：Mayer, Susan E.; Lopoo, Leonard M.
作者单位：Syracuse University; University of Chicago
摘要：The standard model of intergenerational mobility suggests that holding constant endowments, investments in children's human capital increases their future income. If true, the source of the investment should not matter even though almost all research on intergenerational mobility considers only parental investment. Much government spending is intended to reduce the investment gap between rich and poor children. We assess the relationship between government spending and intergenerational econom...
