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作者：Brekke, Kurt R.; Siciliani, Luigi; Straume, Odd Rune
作者单位：Norwegian School of Economics (NHH); University of York - UK; University of York - UK; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Universidade do Minho; Universidade do Minho; University of Bergen
摘要：This paper studies the impact of hospital competition on waiting times. We use a Salop-type model, with hospitals that differ in (geographical) location and, potentially, waiting time, and two types of patients: high-benefit patients who choose between neighbouring hospitals (competitive segment), and low-benefit patients who decide whether or not to demand treatment from the closest hospital (monopoly segment). Compared with a benchmark case of monopoly, we find that hospital competition lead...
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作者：Mateos-Planas, Xavier
作者单位：University of Southampton
摘要：This paper investigates the determination of social security within a general equilibrium, overlapping-generations model where agents live for many periods, and replacement rates are determined through voting in each period by forward looking agents. The distinctive feature is the study of Markov equilibrium policy outcomes which do not rest on a commitment mechanism. Versions of the model are calibrated to the US economic, policy, and demographic conditions. Even in the absence of commitment,...
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作者：Sole-Olle, Albert; Sorribas-Navarro, Pilar
作者单位：University of Barcelona
摘要：In this paper we test the hypothesis that municipalities aligned with upper-tier grantor governments (i.e., controlled by the same party) will receive more grants than those that are unaligned. We use a rich Spanish database, which provides information on grants received by nearly 900 municipalities during the period 1993-2003 from three different upper-tier governments (i.e., Central, Regional and Upper-local). Since three elections were held at each tier during this period, we have enough wi...
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作者：Tagkalakis, Athanasios
摘要：This paper explores in a yearly panel of nineteen OECD countries from 1970-2002 the effects of fiscal policy changes on private consumption in recessions and expansions. In the presence of binding liquidity constraints on households, fiscal policy is more effective in boosting private consumption in recessions than in expansions. The effect is more pronounced in countries characterized by a less developed consumer credit market. This happens because the fraction of individuals that face bindin...
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作者：Singhal, Monica
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：I propose a fully rational model of government contracting that explains differences in local government spending from grants and other income. In this model, violations of fungibility arise from dynamic interactions between politicians and interest groups with the ability to raise funds for the local government. The predictions of the model are tested by exploiting unique features of windfalls received by states under a settlement with the tobacco industry. Although windfalls are legally unre...
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作者：Roine, Jesper; Waldenstrom, Daniel
作者单位：Stockholm School of Economics; Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN)
摘要：This study presents new homogenous series of top income shares in Sweden over the period 1903-2004. We find that, starting from levels of inequality approximately equal to those in other Western countries at the time, the income share of the Swedish top decile drops sharply over the first eighty years of the twentieth century. Most of the decrease takes place before the expansion of the welfare state and by 1950 Swedish top income shares were already lower than in other countries. The fall is ...
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作者：Shelton, Cameron A.
作者单位：Wesleyan University
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作者：Sivadasan, Jagadeesh; Slemrod, Joel
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：We examine the effects of a 1992 income tax law change in India that eliminated the tax penalty on wages paid to partners in partnership firms using a large dataset covering all registered plants in the manufacturing sector over the period 1986 to 1995. This tax law change provides a unique opportunity to identify the effects of tax policy changes on firm behavior in a developing country context. We find an immediate and pervasive response by partnership firms to the tax law change, reflected ...
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作者：Wilhelm, Mark Ottoni; Brown, Eleanor; Rooney, Patrick M.; Steinberg, Richard
作者单位：Indiana University System; Indiana University Indianapolis; Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; Claremont Colleges; Pomona College
摘要：This paper estimates the correlation between the generosity of parents and the generosity of their adult children using regression models of adult children's charitable giving. New charitable giving data are collected in the Panel Study of Income Dynamics and used to estimate the regression models. The regression models are estimated using a wide variety of techniques and specification tests, and the strength of the intergenerational giving correlations is compared with intergenerational corre...
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作者：Shelton, Cameron A.
作者单位：Wesleyan University
摘要：Razin, Sadka, and Swagel [Razin, Asaf, Efraim Sadka, and Phillip Swagel (2002) The Aging Population and the Size of the Welfare State The Journal of Political Economy, vol. 110, no. 4, pp. 900-918.] unveil a puzzling fact: the welfare state appears to be shrinking even as the dependency ratio rises. While they formulate an elegant political economy model to explain the coexistence of an aging population and declining transfers, the resolution of the puzzle turns out to be much simpler. Labor t...
