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作者：Herrera, Hellos; Levine, David K.; Martinelli, Cesar
作者单位：Instituto Tecnologico Autonomo de Mexico; Washington University (WUSTL)
摘要：We model electoral competition between two parties in a winner-take-all election. Parties choose strategically first their platforms and then their campaign spending under aggregate uncertainty about voters' preferences. We use the model to examine why campaign spending in the United States has increased at the same time that politics has become more polarized. We find that a popular explanation - more accurate targeting of campaign spending - is not consistent. While accurate targeting may le...
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作者：Reuben, Ernesto; van Winden, Frans
作者单位：University of Amsterdam; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Northwestern University
摘要：This is an experimental study of negative reciprocity in the case of multiple reciprocators. We use a three-player power-to-take game where a proposer is matched with two responders. We compare a treatment in which responders are anonymous to each other (strangers) with one in which responders know each other from outside the lab (friends). We focus on the responders' decisions, beliefs, and emotions. Our main findings are (1) friends punish the proposer more than strangers, (2) friends are mo...
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作者：Frank, Robert H.
作者单位：Cornell University
摘要：A nice suit is one that compares favorably with those worn by others in the same local environment. More generally, a positional good is one whose utility depends strongly on how it compares with others in the same category. A positional externality occurs when new purchases alter the relevant context within which an existing positional good is evaluated. For example, if some job candidates begin wearing expensive custom-tailored suits, a side effect of their action is that other candidates be...
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作者：Revelli, Federico
作者单位：University of Turin
摘要：This paper investigates the impact of tax and public service performance on English local government popularity by using data on local property taxes, service performance ratings and local election results after the introduction of a system of evaluation of local government performance (Comprehensive Performance Assessment). The evidence emerging from estimation of a re-election equation offers a somewhat more rounded portrait of the voter than the conventional fiscal conservative icon, by hig...
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作者：Foellmi, Reto; Oechslin, Manuel
作者单位：University of Zurich
摘要：Recent macroeconomic research discusses credit market imperfections as a key channel through which inequality retards growth: With convex technologies, progressive transfers increase aggregate output because marginal returns become more equalized across investment opportunities. We argue that this reasoning may not hold in general equilibrium. Since the investment functions are concave in wealth, reducing inequality increases capital demand and the interest rate. Hence, through the impact on c...
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作者：Brown, Thomas C.; Kingsley, David; Peterson, George L.; Flores, Nicholas E.; Clarke, Andrea; Birjulin, Andrej
作者单位：United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); United States Forest Service; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder
摘要：We examined the reliability of a large set of paired comparison value judgments involving public goods, private goods, and sums of money. As respondents progressed through a random sequence of paired choices they were each given, their response time decreased and they became more consistent, apparently fine-tuning their responses, suggesting that respondents tend to begin a hypothetical value exercise with relatively imprecise preferences and that experience in expressing preference helps redu...
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作者：Anthon, Signe; Bogetoft, Peter; Thorsen, Bo Jellesmark
作者单位：University of Copenhagen
摘要：We investigate the behaviour of a social planner that secures the supply of a good, e.g. an environmental benefit, through contracting with private agents. While the social planner seeks to maximise net social benefits, she is also controlled with a fixed budget. Private agents are profit maximising and hold private information concerning their variable costs of production. They also have known fixed costs of contracting. We find that budget constraints and fixed costs change the optimal contr...
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作者：Riedel, Nadine; Runkel, Marco
作者单位：University of Munich
摘要：This paper analyzes the effects of switching from a corporate tax system based on separate accounting (SA) towards a system in which two countries form a formula apportionment (FA) union while a third country sticks to SA (water's edge). Our analysis draws a positive picture on the water's edge regulation. In the short-run, for given tax rates, the transition from SA to FA is likely to reduce profit shifting from the FA union to non-FA tax havens. In a long-run tax competition analysis, we fin...
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作者：Bjerk, David; Han, Seungjin
作者单位：McMaster University; RAND Corporation
摘要：We develop a model of the labor market where firms incur an adjustment cost when one of their workers quits, and males and females form households assortatively by skill. We show how this environment can lead to an economy where females earn less and drop out more frequently than equally skilled males in equilibrium, even when males and females constitute ex-ante identical populations. We then examine how different government homecare subsidy schemes may affect such gender inequality in the la...
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作者：Carbonnier, Clement
作者单位：Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite PSL; Ecole Normale Superieure (ENS); Institut Polytechnique de Paris; Ecole des Ponts ParisTech
摘要：The point of this paper is to provide visual evidence of tax shifting and to measure empirically the distribution of the sales tax burden between consumers and producers. For that purpose, two French reforms are studied. These reforms entail steep decreases of the VAT rate. September 1st 1987, the VAT rate on car sales went down from the luxury-rate of 33.33% to the full-rate of 18.6%. September 1st 1999, the VAT rate on housing repair services went down from the full-rate of 20.6% to the redu...
