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作者：Galiani, Sebastian; Schargrodsky, Ernesto
作者单位：Universidad Torcuato Di Tella; Washington University (WUSTL)
摘要：Secure property rights are considered a key determinant of economic development. The evaluation of the causal effects of property rights, however, is a difficult task as their allocation is typically endogenous. To overcome this identification problem, we exploit a natural experiment in the allocation of land titles. In 1981, squatters occupied a piece of land in a poor suburban area of Buenos Aires. In 1984, a law was passed expropriating the former owners' land to entitle the occupants. Some...
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作者：Kempf, Hubert; Rota-Graziosi, Gregoire
作者单位：Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite Clermont Auvergne (UCA); Paris School of Economics
摘要：In this paper we extend the standard approach of horizontal tax competition by endogenizing the timing of decisions made by the competing jurisdictions. Following the literature on the endogenous timing in duopoly games, we consider a pre-play stage, where jurisdictions commit themselves to move early or late, i.e. to fix their tax rate at a first or second stage. We highlight that at least one jurisdiction experiments a second-mover advantage. We show that the Subgame Perfect Equilibria (SPEs...
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作者：Alan, Sule; Atalay, Kadir; Crossley, Thomas F.; Jeon, Sung-Hee
作者单位：University of Cambridge; University of Cambridge; University of New South Wales Sydney; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of Melbourne
摘要：Identifying the effect of differential taxation on portfolio allocation requires exogenous variation in marginal tax rates. Marginal tax rates vary with income, but income surely affects portfolio choice directly. In systems of individual taxation - like Canada's - couples with the same household income can face different effective tax rates on capital income when labor income is distributed differently within households. Using this source of variation we find portfolio responses to taxation a...
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作者：Aaberge, Rolf; Bhuller, Manudeep; Langorgen, Audun; Mogstad, Magne
摘要：Despite a broad consensus on the need to take into account the value of public services in distributional analysis, there is little reliable evidence on how inclusion of such non-cash income actually affects poverty and inequality estimates. In particular, the equivalence scales applied to cash income are not necessarily appropriate when including non-cash income, because the receipt of public services is likely to be associated with particular needs. In this paper, we propose a theory-based f...
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作者：Baunsgaard, Thomas; Keen, Michael
作者单位：International Monetary Fund
摘要：With the public finances of many developing and emerging market countries still heavily dependent on trade tax revenues, further trade liberalization may be hindered unless they are able to develop alternative sources of revenue. Against a background of, and to inform, heightened theoretical controversy as to the appropriate balance between trade and other taxes (not least the VAT), this paper uses panel data for 117 countries over 32 years cleaned for a variety of problems in standard data so...
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作者：Fletcher, Jason M.; Frisvold, David E.; Tefft, Nathan
作者单位：Emory University; Yale University
摘要：Childhood and adolescent obesity is associated with serious adverse lifetime health consequences and its prevalence has increased rapidly. Soft drink consumption has also expanded rapidly, so much so that soft drinks are currently the largest single contributors to energy intake. In this paper, we investigate the potential for soft drink taxes to combat rising levels of child and adolescent obesity through a reduction in consumption. Our results, based on state soft drink sales and excise tax ...
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作者：Hiriart, Yolande; Martimort, David; Pouyet, Jerome
作者单位：Paris School of Economics; Universite Marie et Louis Pasteur
摘要：When a firm undertakes risky activities, the conflict between social and private incentives to implement safety care requires public intervention which can take the form of both monetary incentives and also ex ante or ex post monitoring, i.e., before or after an accident occurs. We delineate the optimal scope of monitoring depending on whether public monitors are benevolent or corruptible. We show that separating the ex ante and the ex post monitors increases the likelihood of ex post investig...
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作者：Sarpca, Sinan
作者单位：Koc University
摘要：This paper develops a differentiated products model of school competition that distinguishes among different dimensions that matter in the skill acquisition process. The model predicts that when identical schools compete for students, specialization may arise as a competition strategy. This serves rich students' education goals well. Poorer students, however, may attend schools with specializations that do not cater to their relative strengths. By doing so, these poorer students complement the...
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作者：Iyengar, Sheena S.; Kamenica, Emir
作者单位：University of Chicago; Columbia University
摘要：In settings such as investing for retirement or choosing a drug plan, individuals typically face a large number of options. In this paper, we analyze how the size of the choice set influences which alternative is selected. We present both laboratory experiments and field data that suggest larger choice sets induce a stronger preference for simple, easy-to-understand options. The first experiment demonstrates that, in seeming violation of the weak axiom of revealed preference, subjects are more...
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作者：Kelchtermans, Stijn; Verboven, Frank
作者单位：Universite Catholique Louvain; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：Public systems of higher education have recently attempted to cut costs by providing financial incentives to cut duplicated programs, i.e. programs that are offered at different institutions. We study the profit and welfare effects of reducing program duplication, against the background of a funding system reform in Flanders (Belgium). We find that dropping duplicated programs at individual institutions tends to be socially undesirable, due to the students' low willingness to travel to other i...
