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作者：Rockoff, Jonah E.; Lockwood, Benjamin B.
作者单位：Columbia University
摘要：We examine the implications of separating students of different grade levels across schools for the purposes of educational production. Specifically, we find that moving students from elementary to middle school in 6th or 7th grade causes significant drops in academic achievement. These effects are large (about 0.15 standard deviations), present for both math and English, and persist through grade 8, the last year for which we have achievement data. The effects are similar for boys and girls, ...
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作者：Delfgaauw, Josse; Dur, Robert
作者单位：Erasmus University Rotterdam; Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC; Tinbergen Institute
摘要：The quality of public management is a recurrent concern in many countries. Calls to attract the economy's best and brightest managers to the public sector abound. This paper studies self-selection into managerial positions in the public and private sector, using a model of a perfectly competitive economy where people differ in managerial ability and in public service motivation. We find that, if demand for public sector output is not too high, the equilibrium return to managerial ability is al...
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作者：Klor, Esteban F.; Shayo, Moses
作者单位：Hebrew University of Jerusalem
摘要：We design an experiment to study the effects of social identity on preferences over redistribution. The experiment highlights the trade-off between social identity concerns and maximization of monetary payoffs. Subjects belonging to two distinct natural groups are randomly assigned gross incomes and vote over alternative redistributive tax regimes, where the regime is chosen by majority rule. We find that a significant subset of the subjects systematically deviate from monetary payoff maximiza...
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作者：Konow, James
作者单位：Loyola Marymount University
摘要：This paper examines possible motives and institutional factors that impact giving. Specifically, I consider alternative theories parallel to dictator experiments that generate evidence on both allocation decisions and their effect on feelings. A number of new empirical findings as well as new interpretations for previously reported findings result. A novel test distinguishes warm glow from impure altruism and rules out the former as the sole motive for giving. Very generous donations to charit...
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作者：Direr, A.
作者单位：Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite de Orleans; Paris School of Economics
摘要：This paper studies how annuities should be taxed in a Mirrlees-type model in the presence of adverse selection and a positive link between income and longevity The government is able to address the adverse selection problem by implementing a progressive marginal tax rate oil annuities This amounts to subsidizing small annuities (purchased by low incomes) and taxing large annuities (purchased by high incomes) Numerical Simulations suggest that the taxation is significant and becomes more pronou...
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作者：McInerney, Melissa
作者单位：William & Mary
摘要：During the 1990s, the state of Ohio contracted out Workers' Compensation (WC) case management, incorporating a large bonus payment intended to reward reduced claim duration. The bonus is essentially a decreasing function of average days away from work, excluding claims longer than 15 months. In response, duration is predicted to decrease for claims with moderate injuries and increase for some severe claims so that claimants will miss more than 15 months of work and be excluded from the calcula...
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作者：Boyle, Melissa A.; Lahey, Joanna N.
作者单位：Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; College of the Holy Cross
摘要：This paper exploits a major mid-1990s expansion in the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs health care system to provide evidence on the labor market effects of expanding health insurance availability. Using data from the Current Population Survey, we employ a difference-in-differences strategy to compare the labor market behavior of older veterans and non-veterans before and after the VA health benefits expansion to test the impact of public health insurance on labor supply. We find that olde...
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作者：Sommers, Benjamin D.
摘要：The Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 imposed a federal requirement that all individuals provide citizenship documentation when applying for or renewing Medicaid coverage This represented a change in policy for 46 states Using differences-m-differences to analyze data from the Current Population Survey (2004-2008), this paper shows that the policy reduced Medicaid enrollment among non-citizens, as intended, and did not significantly affect citizens One-in-four adult non-citizens in Medicaid (390,0...
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作者：Oster, Emily; Shoulson, Ira; Quaid, Kimberly; Dorsey, E. Ray
作者单位：University of Chicago; University of Rochester; Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington
摘要：Individual, personalized genetic information is increasingly available, leading to the possibility of greater adverse selection over time, particularly in individual-payer insurance markets. We use data on individuals at risk for Huntington disease (HD), a degenerative neurological disorder with significant effects on morbidity, to estimate adverse selection in long-term care insurance. We find strong evidence of adverse selection: individuals who carry the HD genetic mutation are up to 5 time...
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作者：Ziebarth, Nicolas R.; Karlsson, Martin
作者单位：Leibniz Association; DIW Berlin - Deutsches Institut fur Wirtschaftsforschung; Technical University of Darmstadt
摘要：This study estimates the reform effects of a reduction in statutory sick pay levels on sickness absence behavior and labor costs. German federal law reduced the legal obligation of German employers to provide 100% continued wage pay for up to six weeks per sickness episode. In 1996 statutory sick pay was decreased to 80% of foregone gross wages. Within the reform's target group - private sector employees - this measure increased the proportion of employees having zero days of absence between 6...
