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作者：Bierbrauer, Felix; Sahm, Marco
作者单位：Max Planck Society; Technical University of Munich
摘要：We study the interdependence of optimal tax and expenditure policies. An optimal policy requires that information on preferences is made available. We first study this problem from a general mechanism design perspective and show that efficiency is possible only if the individuals who decide on public good provision face an own incentive scheme that differs from the tax system. We then study democratic mechanisms with the property that tax payers vote over public goods. Under such a mechanism, ...
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作者：Krueger, Alan B.; Mueller, Andreas
作者单位：Stockholm University; Princeton University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Princeton University
摘要：This paper provides new evidence on job search intensity of the unemployed in the U.S., modeling job search intensity as time allocated to job search activities. The major findings are: 1) the average U.S. unemployed worker devotes about 41 min to job search on weekdays, which is substantially more than their European counterparts; 2) workers who expect to be recalled by their previous employer search substantially less than the average unemployed worker; 3) across the 50 states and D.C., job ...
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作者：Heim, Bradley T.; Lurie, Ithai Z.
作者单位：Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; United States Department of the Treasury
摘要：This paper estimates the effect of an increase in the deductibility of health insurance premiums for self-employed individuals on the probability of being self-employed. Using a panel of tax returns from 1999 to 2004, we estimate fixed effects instrumental variable regressions for the probability of being self-employed, entering into self-employment, and exiting from self-employment. Our results suggest that this policy increased the probability of being self-employed by 1.5 percentage points,...
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作者：D'Amato, Marcello; Galasso, Vincenzo
作者单位：Bocconi University; University of Salerno
摘要：In a stochastic two-period OLG model, featuring an aggregate shock to the economy, ex-ante optimality requires intergenerational risk sharing. We compare the level of intergenerational risk sharing chosen by a benevolent government and by an office-seeking politician. In our political system, the transfer of resources across generations is determined as a Markov equilibrium of a probabilistic voting game. Low realized returns on the risky asset induce politicians to compensate the old through ...
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作者：Hodler, Roland; Loertscher, Simon; Rohner, Dominic
作者单位：University of Melbourne; University of Zurich
摘要：We present a model of (re)elections in which an incumbency advantage arises because the incumbent can manipulate issue salience by choosing inefficient policies in the policy dimension in which he is the stronger candidate. The voters are uncertain about the state of the world and the incumbent's choice of policy. Under complete information they would reelect the incumbent if and only if the state is sufficiently high. Undesirable policy outcomes may be due to either a bad state or the incumbe...
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作者：Park, Albert; Wang, Sangui
作者单位：University of Oxford; Renmin University of China
摘要：We conduct the first systematic evaluation of the world's largest community-based development program China's flagship poverty alleviation program began in 2001 which finances public investments in designated poor villages based on participatory village planning. We use matching methods and a panel household and village data set with national coverage to compare changes from 2001 to 2004 in designated poor villages that began plan investments and in designated poor villages that had yet to beg...
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作者：Brouillette, Dany; Lacroix, Guy
作者单位：Laval University
摘要：The Self-Sufficiency Project (SSP) is a research and demonstration project that offered a generous time-limited income supplement to randomly selected welfare applicants under two conditions. The first, the eligibility condition, required that they remain on welfare for at least 12 months. The second, the qualification condition, required that they find a full-time job within 12 months after establishing eligibility. In this paper we focus on a neglected and important feature of the program, n...
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作者：Holmes, Craig
作者单位：University of Oxford
摘要：Diamond and Koszegi [Diamond, P and Koszegi. B (2003), Quasi-Hyperbolic Preferences and Retirement. Journal of Public Economics. 87 1839-1972] have argued that quasi-hyperbolic discounting can cause dynamic inconsistency in planning when to retire as well as in consumption plans This comment shows that in a simple model with such preferences. retirement plans are never time-inconsistent, as these same preferences keep savings too low for individuals to ever be able to afford unplanned early re...
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作者：Angrist, Joshua D.; Chen, Stacey H.; Frandsen, Brigham R.
作者单位：University of London; Royal Holloway University London
摘要：The veterans disability compensation (VDC) program, which provides a monthly stipend to disabled veterans, is the third largest American disability insurance program. Since the late 1990s, VDC growth has been driven primarily by an increase in claims from Vietnam veterans, raising concerns about costs as well as health. We use the draft lottery to study the long-term effects of Vietnam-era military service on health and work in the 2000 Census. We find no evidence that military service affecte...
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作者：Tamura, Yuji
作者单位：Australian National University
摘要：We analyze a model of the migrant smuggling market where smugglers differ in the capacity to exploit their clients' labor at the destination. We suggest that destination countries with limited resources may prefer to improve the apprehension of smugglers and their clients at the border rather than inland, although either one of these anti-smuggling measures would reduce migrant exploitation. The reason is twofold. First, even if the resulting improvement in border apprehension alone cannot eli...
