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作者：Haufler, Andreas; Luelfesmann, Christoph
作者单位：University of Munich; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Simon Fraser University
摘要：The tax competition for mobile capital, in particular the reluctance of small countries to agree on measures of tax coordination, has ongoing political and economic fallouts within Europe. We analyse the effects of introducing a two tier structure of capital taxation, where the asymmetric member states of a union choose a common, federal tax rate in the first stage, and then non-cooperatively set local tax rates in the second stage. We show that this mechanism effectively reduces competition f...
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作者：Luelfesmann, Christoph; Kessler, Anke; Myers, Gordon M.
作者单位：Simon Fraser University; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR); Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR)
摘要：The paper studies a federal system where (a) a region provides non-contractible inputs into the social benefits from a public policy project with spillovers to other regions, and (b) where political bargaining between different levels of government may ensure efficient decision making ex post Allowing intergovernmental grants to be designed optimally, we ask whether project authority should rest with the region or with the central-government. Centralization is shown to dominate when government...
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作者：Chingos, Matthew M.; Peterson, Paul E.
作者单位：Brookings Institution; Harvard University
摘要：We provide the first experimental estimates of the long-term impacts of a voucher to attend private school by linking data from a privately sponsored voucher initiative in New York City, which awarded the scholarships by lottery to low-income families, to administrative records on college enrollment and degree attainment. We find no significant effects on college enrollment or four-year degree attainment of the offer of a voucher. However, we find substantial, marginally significant impacts fo...
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作者：Immordino, G.; Russo, F. F.
作者单位：University of Naples Federico II
摘要：We build an equilibrium model of prostitution where clients and sex workers choose to demand and supply sex under three legal regimes: prohibition, regulation and laissez-faire. The key feature is the endogenous evolution of the risk as a consequence of policy changes. We calibrate the model to empirical evidence from Italy and then compare the effect of different policies on the equilibrium quantity of prostitution and on the harm associated with it. A prohibition regime that makes it illegal...
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作者：East, Chloe N.; Kuka, Elira
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis; Southern Methodist University
摘要：The Great Recession spurred renewed interest in the moral hazard effects of the Unemployment Insurance (UI) program, however little research has focused on determining its benefits. This paper examines the consumption smoothing benefit of the UI program over the last 40 years, finding strong evidence of heterogeneity in this effect over time. In particular, the effects of UI are smaller in the 1990s compared with the 1970s. The 1990s were unique because of the long period of low unemployment r...
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作者：Havnes, Tarjei; Mogstad, Magne
作者单位：University of Oslo; University of Chicago; Statistics Norway
摘要：We assess the case for universal child care programs in the context of a Norwegian reform which led to a large-scale expansion of subsidized child care. We use non-linear difference-in-differences methods to estimate the quantile treatment effects of the reform. We find that the effects of the child care expansion were positive in the lower and middle parts of the earnings distribution of exposed children as adults, and negative in the uppermost part. We complement this analysis with local lin...
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作者：Gill, David; Stone, Rebecca
作者单位：University of Oxford; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：Teams are becoming increasingly important in work settings. We develop a framework to study the strategic implications of a meritocratic notion of desert under which team members care about receiving what they feel they deserve. Team members find it painful to receive less than their perceived entitlement, while receiving more may induce pleasure or pain depending on whether their preferences exhibit desert elation or desert guilt. Our notion of desert generalizes distributional concern models...
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作者：Marcus, Jan; Siedler, Thomas
作者单位：Leibniz Association; DIW Berlin - Deutsches Institut fur Wirtschaftsforschung; University of Hamburg
摘要：Excessive alcohol consumption among young people is a major public health concern. On March 1, 2010, the German state of Baden-Wurttemberg banned the sale of alcoholic beverages between 10 pm and 5 am at off-premise outlets (e.g., gas stations, kiosks, supermarkets). We use rich monthly administrative data from a 70% random sample of all hospitalizations during the years 2007-2011 in Germany in order to evaluate the short-term impact of this policy on alcohol-related hospitalizations. Applying...
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作者：Kvaloy, Ola; Olsen, Trond E.
作者单位：Universitetet i Stavanger; Norwegian School of Economics (NHH)
摘要：When an agent is offered performance related pay, the incentive effect is not only determined by the shape of the incentive contract, but also by the probability of contract enforcement We show that weaker enforcement may reduce the agent's effort, but lead to higher-powered incentive contracts. This creates a seemingly negative relationship between effort and performance pay. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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作者：Limwattananon, Supon; Neelsen, Sven; O'Donnell, Owen; Prakongsai, Phusit; Tangcharoensathien, Viroj; van Doorslaer, Eddy; Vongmongkol, Vuthiphan
作者单位：Ministry of Public Health - Thailand; Khon Kaen University; Erasmus University Rotterdam; Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC; Erasmus University Rotterdam; Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC; Tinbergen Institute; University of Macedonia
摘要：We estimate the impact on out-of-pocket (OOP) medical expenditure of a major reform in Thailand that greatly extended health insurance coverage to achieve universality while implementing supply-side measures intended to deliver cost-effective care from an increased, but modest, public health budget. Difference-in-differences comparison of groups to whom coverage was extended or deepened with those whose coverage did not change indicates that the reform reduced OOP expenditure by 28% on average...
