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作者：Meier, Volker; Schiopu, Ioana
作者单位：University of Munich; Universitat Ramon Llull; Escuela Superior de Administracion y Direccion de Empresas (ESADE)
摘要：We analyze the optimal share of the skilled workforce over the course of development with two sectors using skilled and unskilled labor respectively, and technological spillovers from higher education enrollment. Productivity in each sector depends on the average quality of workers and the size of the workforce. When skill-biased technological change prevails, this structure of externalities coupled with the endogenous ability sorting of workers may well produce a pattern of overenrollment in ...
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作者：de Mesquita, Ethan Bueno; Landa, Dimitri
作者单位：University of Chicago; New York University
摘要：We develop a model of political accountability with sequential policymaking. When a bureaucrat's actions are transparent, his overseer faces a political time inconsistency problem-she is tempted to revise her retention rule in the middle of the policymaking process. As a result, the bureaucrat's equilibrium behavior overemphasizes later tasks. If the overseer knows the technology by which policies translate into outcomes, then she can eliminate these distortions using task-specific budget caps...
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作者：Papay, John P.; Kraft, Matthew A.
作者单位：Brown University
摘要：We present new evidence on the relationship between teacher productivity and job experience. Econometric challenges require identifying assumptions to model the within-teacher returns to experience with teacher fixed effects. We describe the identifying assumptions used in past models and in a new approach that we propose, and we demonstrate how violations of these assumptions can lead to substantial bias. Consistent with past research, we find that teachers experience rapid productivity impro...
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作者：Bottan, Nicolas L.; Perez-Truglia, Ricardo
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Microsoft
摘要：We study how the U.S. Catholic clergy abuse scandals affected religious participation, religious beliefs, and pro-social behavior. To estimate the causal effects of the scandals on various outcomes, we conduct an event-study analysis that exploits the fine distribution of the scandals over space and time. First, a scandal causes a significant and long-lasting decline in religious participation in the zip code where it occurs. Second, the decline in religious participation does not generate a s...
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作者：Bauernschuster, Stefan; Schlotter, Martin
作者单位：University of Passau; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：Public child care is expected to assist families in reconciling work with family life. Yet, empirical evidence for the relevance of public child care to maternal employment is inconclusive. We exploit the introduction of a legal claim to a place in kindergarten in Germany, which was contingent on day-of-birth cut-off dates and resulted in a marked increase in kindergarten attendance of three-year olds in the following years. Instrumental variable and difference-in-differences estimations on tw...
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作者：Bronchetti, Erin Todd
作者单位：Swarthmore College
摘要：The costs of public insurance expansions are ordinarily justified by the claim that increased eligibility causes gains in insurance coverage, which translate into improved health care and health. This paper studies dramatic changes in public health insurance eligibility for immigrant and native children from 1998 to 2009 and finds that children's nativity status is crucial to understanding the impacts of recent eligibility expansions. I document a significantly higher degree of take-up (and le...
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作者：Andreoni, James; Payne, Abigail; Smith, Sarah
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; McMaster University; University of Bristol
摘要：We use a novel identification strategy to shed light on the effect of grant funding. We focus on charities that applied to a UK lottery grant programme. Where charities score the same on formal criteria, it is likely that informal criteria orthogonal to quality are used to break the ties, allowing us plausibly to treat a grant as a random event. We find evidence that grants have a positive impact for smaller charities, increasing their longevity and even crowding in other income. (C) 2013 Else...
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作者：Bastani, Spencer; Selin, Hakan
作者单位：Uppsala University
摘要：Recent microeconometric studies of taxpayers' responsiveness to taxation have shown that intensive margin labor supply and earnings elasticities typically are modest and sometimes equal to zero. A common view is that long-run responses still might be large if micro-estimates are downward biased owing to optimization frictions. In this paper we estimate the taxable income elasticity at a very large kink point of the Swedish tax schedule using the bunching method. During the period of study the ...
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作者：Baskaran, Thushyanthan
作者单位：University of Gottingen
摘要：This paper exploits an exogenous reform of the local fiscal equalization scheme in the German State of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) in 2003 to identify tax mimicking by municipalities in the neighboring state of Lower Saxony (NDS). The reform caused municipalities in NRW to increase their business and property tax rates. I study within the difference in difference (DD) and the spatial lag (SL) frameworks whether municipalities in NDS bordering NRW did react to the exogenous tax increases by NR...
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作者：Andersen, Asger Lau; Lassen, David Dreyer; Nielsen, Lasse Holboll Westh
作者单位：University of Copenhagen
摘要：We analyze how a key component of fiscal governance, the ability of governments to pass a budget on time, affects government bond yield spreads. Based on a sample of 36 US states from 1988 to 1997, and using an original data set on budget enact, lent dates, we estimate that a 30 day budget delay has a cumulative impact that is equivalent to a one-time increase in the yield spread of around 10 basis points. States with sufficient liquidity incur no costs from late budgets, while unified governm...
