-
作者：Eng, Amanda; Matsudaira, Jordan
作者单位：Cornell University; Columbia University
摘要：The Federal Pell Grant Program lowers the cost of higher education for low-income students. We estimate Pell's average effect for the universe of federally aided students-the broadest swath of higher education studied to date. Exploiting discontinuities and kinks in the grant schedule, we find that the effect of Pell on completion rates and postcollege earnings is much smaller than the findings of recent prominent studies focused on specific states. We argue that interactions between Pell gran...
-
作者：Lee, David S.; Leung, Pauline; O'Leary, Christopher J.; Pei, Zhuan; Quach, Simon
作者单位：Princeton University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Cornell University; W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research
摘要：Central to the welfare analysis of income transfer programs is the deadweight loss associated with possible reforms. To aid analytical tractability, its measurement typically requires specifying a simplified model of behavior. We employ a complementary decomposition approach that compares the behavioral and mechanical components of a policy's total impact on the government budget to study the deadweight loss of two unemployment insurance policies. Experimental and quasi-experimental estimates ...
-
作者：Blundell, Richard; Costa-Dias, Monica; Goll, David; Meghir, Costas
作者单位：University of London; University College London; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of Bristol; Universidade do Porto; Yale University; National Bureau of Economic Research; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR)
摘要：We investigate the role of training in reducing the gender wage gap using the British Household Panel Survey. On the basis of a life-cycle model and using tax and welfare benefit reforms as a source of exogenous variation, we evaluate the role of formal training and experience in defining the evolution of wages and employment careers, conditional on education. Training is potentially important in compensating for the effects of children, especially for women who left education after completing...
-
作者：Elder, Todd E.; Figlio, David N.; Imberman, Scott A.; Persico, Claudia L.
作者单位：Michigan State University; Northwestern University; National Bureau of Economic Research; American University; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：We use linked birth and education records from Florida to investigate how the identification of childhood disabilities varies by race and school racial composition. Using a series of decompositions, we find that black and Hispanic students are identified with disabilities at lower rates than are observationally similar white students. Black and Hispanic students are overidentified in schools with relatively small shares of minorities and substantially underidentified in schools with large mino...
-
作者：Freedman, Seth; Goodman-Bacon, Andrew; Hammarlund, Noah
作者单位：Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Minneapolis; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle
摘要：Covariate-adjusted cross-sectional comparisons show that Medicaid patients have worse health outcomes than other patients. We evaluate the validity of this research design for estimating the causal effect of Medicaid on mortality. Even after controlling for common covariates, Medicaid patients have worse preoperative health and lower socioeconomic status than privately insured patients. Controlling for additional variables shrinks the mortality differences but still does not eliminate imbalanc...
-
作者：Barach, Moshe A.; Horton, John J.
作者单位：University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We report the results of a field experiment in which treated employers could not observe the compensation history of their job applicants. Treated employers responded by evaluating more applicants and evaluating those applicants more intensively. They also responded by changing what kind of workers they evaluated: treated employers evaluated workers with 5% lower past average wages and hired workers with 13% lower past average wages. Conditional on bargaining, workers hired by treated employer...
-
作者：Card, David; Hyslop, Dean R.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：Using data for three cohorts of women in the PSID, we show that annual earnings inequality fell sharply between the late 1960s and the mid-1990s, with a large decline in the component attributable to the extensive margin. We then fit earnings-generating models that incorporate both intensive- and extensive-margin dynamics to data for the three cohorts. Our models suggest that more than 80% of the decline in female earnings inequality can be attributed to a weakening of the link between family-...
-
作者：Hemelt, Steven W.; Stange, Kevin M.; Furquim, Fernando; Simon, Andrew; Sawyer, John E.
作者单位：University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Delaware
摘要：This paper establishes five new facts about instructional costs in higher education using department-level data from a broad range of institutions. Costs vary widely across fields, ranging from electrical engineering (90% higher than English) to math (25% lower). This pattern is largely explained by differences in class size and faculty pay. Some STEM fields experienced steep declines in expenditures over the past 17 years, while others saw increases. Changes in class size and teaching loads a...
-
作者：Altonji, Joseph G.; Zhong, Ling
作者单位：Yale University; National Bureau of Economic Research; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：We estimate the returns to a broad set of graduate degrees. To control for heterogeneity in preferences and ability, we use fixed effects for combinations of field-specific undergraduate and graduate degrees obtained by the last time we observe an individual. Basically, we compare earnings before the graduate degree to earnings after it. Using National Science Foundation data, we find large differences across graduate fields in earnings effects. The returns often depend on the undergraduate ma...
-
作者：Belzil, Christian; Maurel, Arnaud; Sidibe, Modibo
作者单位：Institut Polytechnique de Paris; ENSAE Paris; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut Polytechnique de Paris; Universite de Montreal; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Duke University; National Bureau of Economic Research; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：Using data from a Canadian field experiment on financial barriers to higher education, we estimate the distribution of the value of financial aid for prospective students. We find that a considerable share of prospective students perceive significant credit constraints. Most individuals are willing to pay a sizable interest premium above the prevailing market rate for the option to take up a loan, with a median interest rate wedge equal to 6.8 percentage points for a $1,000 loan. The willingne...
