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作者：Clay, Karen; Egedeso, Peter Juul; Hansen, Casper Worm; Jensen, Peter Sandholt; Calkins, Avery
作者单位：Carnegie Mellon University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Southern Denmark; University of Copenhagen; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：This paper studies the immediate and long-run health effects of the first community-based health intervention in the world - the Framingham Health and Tuberculosis Demonstration, 1917-1923. The official evaluation committee and the historical narrative suggest that the Demonstration was highly successful in controlling tuberculosis and reducing mortality. Using newly digitized annual cause-of-death data for municipalities in Massachusetts, 1901-1934, and different empirical strategies, we find...
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作者：Bastos, Paulo
作者单位：Universidade de Lisboa; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：This paper uses international trade data to assess the degree of exposure of Belt and Road economies to China trade shocks. It finds that the growth of China's trade following its internal transformation and accession to the WTO significantly impacted the export performance of Belt and Road economies in the period 2000-2015. The increase in China's imports significantly boosted the exports of these economies. However, this effect was attenuated by increased competition from China in export mar...
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作者：Afridi, Farzana; Dhillon, Amrita; Li, Sherry Xin; Sharma, Swati
作者单位：Indian Statistical Institute; Indian Statistical Institute Delhi; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of London; King's College London; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); University of Arkansas System; University of Arkansas Fayetteville
摘要：Production processes are often organized in teams, yet there is limited evidence on whether and how social connections and financial incentives affect productivity in tasks that require coordination among workers. We simulate assembly line production in a lab-in-the-field experiment in which workers exert real effort in a minimum-effort game in teams whose members are either socially connected or unconnected and are paid according to the group output. We find that group output increases by 18%...
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作者：Singh, Prakarsh; Masters, William A.
作者单位：IZA Institute Labor Economics; Tufts University; Tufts University
摘要：We conduct a randomized trial to compare incentives for improved child outcomes among salaried caregivers in Chandigarh, India. A contest whose prize is divided among workers in proportion to measured gains yielded more improvement than a winner-take-all program. In our population of about 2000 children served by 85 workers, using proportional rewards led to weight-for-age malnutrition rates that were 4.3 percentage points lower at 3 months (when rewards were paid) and 5.9 points lower at 6 mo...
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作者：Sedlmayr, Richard; Shah, Anuj; Sulaiman, Munshi
作者单位：University of Oxford; University of Chicago
摘要：Can training and mentorship expand the economic impact of cash transfer programs, or would such extensions waste resources that recipients could allocate more impactfully by themselves? Over the course of two years, a Ugandan nonprofit organization implemented alternative poverty alleviation approaches in a randomized manner. These included an integrated graduation-style program involving cash transfers as well as extensive training and mentorship; a slightly simplified variant excluding train...
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作者：Bazillier, Remi; Girard, Victoire
作者单位：Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); CNRS - Institute for Humanities & Social Sciences (INSHS); Universidade Nova de Lisboa; Universite de Orleans; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
摘要：This paper uses a quasi-natural experiment, the recent gold boom in Burkina Faso, to document the local impact of two alternative mining techniques: artisanal and industrial mining. Artisanal mines have a bad reputation. When these mines (labor intensive and managed in common) compete for land with industrial mines (capital intensive and privatized), governments tend to favor the latter. However, more than 100 million people depend on artisanal mines for a livelihood. Our identification strate...
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作者：Bandiera, Luca; Tsiropoulos, Vasileios
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：This paper proposes a framework to assess the impact of infrastructure investment expected under the Belt Road Initiative (BRI) on the debt vulnerabilities of countries located on BRI transport and connectivity corridors. In the absence of comprehensive data on investments and financing terms, key assumptions have been made estimate: i) the amounts and terms of public and publicly guaranteed (PPG) debt financing for BRI investment, size and sectoral type of identified BRI investment, and iii) ...
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作者：Bertoli, Simone; Murard, Elie
作者单位：Universite Clermont Auvergne (UCA); Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：The migration literature typically assumes that the migration of a household member is not associated with further variations in co-residence choices. We rely on a Mexican panel survey to provide novel evidence on the correlation between the occurrence of an international migration episode and changes in household composition. Migrant households have a higher probability of receiving a new member within one year around the migration episode. Attrition is significantly higher among migrant hous...
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作者：Banerjee, Abhijit; Duflo, Esther; Qian, Nancy
作者单位：Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research; Northwestern University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR)
摘要：This paper estimates the effect of access to transportation networks on regional economic outcomes in China over a twenty-year period of rapid income growth. It addresses the problem of the endogenous placement of networks by exploiting the fact that these networks tend to connect historical cities. Our results show that proximity to transportation networks have a moderately sized positive causal effect on per capita GDP levels across sectors, but no effect on per capita GDP growth. We provide...
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作者：Okeke, Edward N.; Abubakar, Isa S.
作者单位：RAND Corporation; Bayero University
摘要：Households in poor countries are encouraged (and sometimes coerced) to increase investments in formal health care services during pregnancy and childbirth. Is this good policy? The answer to a large extent depends on its effects on child welfare. We study the effects of a cash transfer program in Nigeria in which households were offered a payment of $14 conditioned on uptake of health services. We show that the transfer led to a large increase in uptake and a substantial increase in child surv...
