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作者：Hotte, Rozenn; Marazyan, Karine
作者单位：CY Cergy Paris Universite; Universite Bourgogne Europe
摘要：We ask whether parents have incentives to marry their children to a member of the kin group in order to better insure against adverse idiosyncratic income shocks. Exploiting original panel data from a household survey collected in Senegal in 2006/2007 and 2011/2012, we find that daughters' within-kin-group marriage helps their parents' household to better smooth food consumption when a parent has fallen ill. This better smoothing is notably driven by the fact that households having married a d...
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作者：Seim, Brigitte; Jablonski, Ryan; Ahlback, Johan
作者单位：University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：Does foreign aid shift public spending? Many worry that aid will be fungible in the sense that governments reallocate public funds in response to aid. If so, this could undermine development, increase the poorest's dependency on donors, and free resources for patronage. Yet, there is little agreement about the scale or consequences of such effects. We conducted an experiment with 460 elected politicians in Malawi. We provided information about foreign aid projects in local schools to these pol...
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作者：Albertus, Michael; Espinoza, Mauricio; Fort, Ricardo
作者单位：University of Chicago
摘要：The early establishment and persistence of landholding inequality is linked to poor long-run development outcomes. One crucial channel runs through human capital: large landowners historically underinvested in public goods such as schools, restricted workers and their children from to attending school, and extracted surplus from laborers that could have been invested in human capital. By equalizing landholdings, land redistribution should facilitate human capital accumulation. Using original d...
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作者：Kalemli-Ozcan, Sebnem; Nikolsko-Rzhevskyy, Alex; Kwak, Jun Hee
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); National Bureau of Economic Research; Lehigh University
摘要：We use a historical quasi-experiment to estimate the causal effect of trade on capital flows. We argue that fluctuations in regional rainfall within the Ottoman Empire capture the exogenous variation in exports from the Empire to Germany, France, and the U.K., during the period of 1859-1913. The identification is based on the following historical facts: First, only surplus production was allowed to be exported from the Empire (provisionistic policy). Second, different products grown in differe...
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作者：Crost, Benjamin; Felter, Joseph H.
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Stanford University
摘要：We estimate how a shift towards a more extractive resource policy, brought about by a regulatory reform of the mining sector, affected civil conflict in the Philippines. Our empirical strategy uses a difference-in-differences approach that compares provinces with and without mineral deposits before and after the reform. We find that the reform led to a large increase in conflict violence, most likely due to increased competition over control of resource-rich areas. The estimated welfare cost o...
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作者：Berry, James; Kannan, Harini; Mukherji, Shobhini; Shotland, Marc
作者单位：University of Delaware
摘要：Continuous assessment programs, which emphasize frequent evaluation over infrequent high-stakes testing, have been implemented in many developing countries as a way to improve learning outcomes. In India, continuous assessment is mandated in all public primary schools through the Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation (CCE) Program. We conduct a randomized evaluation of CCE in the state of Haryana. We find that CCE had no significant effects on test scores, and we can rule out effects above 0...
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作者：Akgunduz, Yusuf Emre; Torun, Huzeyfe
作者单位：Sabanci University; Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey
摘要：We investigate how the rapid increase in the low-skilled labor supply induced by the inflow of 2.5 million Syrian refugees changed the tasks performed by native workers and the capital intensity of firms in Turkey. We use both survey and administrative data to estimate the effects. The results based on the Labor Force Survey suggest that the inflow of refugees increased natives' task complexity, reducing the intensity of manual tasks, and raising the intensity of abstract tasks. This effect is...
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作者：Danzer, Alexander M.; Grundke, Robert
作者单位：Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Leibniz Institut fur Ost und Sudosteuropaforschung; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Organisation for Economic Co-operation & Development (OECD); Leibniz Institut fur Ost und Sudosteuropaforschung
摘要：To what extent can workers in developing countries seize gains from trade? To answer this question we resort to a unique exogenous labor demand shock triggered by a surge in the world market price of cotton in 2010/11. By capitalizing on Tajikistan's geographic variation in the suitability for cotton production, we identify the effect of the export price hike on wages of rural workers. The shock induces agricultural firms to shift towards labor intensive cotton production. The subsequent great...
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作者：He, Guojun; Liu, Tong; Zhou, Maigeng
作者单位：Hong Kong University of Science & Technology; Hong Kong University of Science & Technology; Hong Kong University of Science & Technology; Chinese Center for Disease Control & Prevention; National Center for Chronic & Noncommunicable Disease Control & Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control & Prevention
摘要：This study uses satellite data to detect agricultural straw burning and estimates its impact on air pollution and health in China. We find that straw burning increases particulate matter pollution and causes people to die from cardiorespiratory diseases. We estimate that a 10 mu g/m(3) increase in PM2.5 increases mortality by 3.25%. Middle-aged and old people in rural areas are particularly sensitive to straw burning pollution. Exploratory analysis of China's programs to subsidize straw recycl...
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作者：Gross, Jeremie; Guirkinger, Catherine; Platteau, Jean-Philippe
作者单位：University of Namur
摘要：In this paper, we investigate whether and how a more steady supply of foodgrain in local markets impacts the nutritional status (measured with body-mass-indexes) of both children and adults, in a context characterized by large seasonal fluctuations in the price and availability of foodgrain. Taking advantage of the random scaling-up of a program of Food Security Granaries in Burkina Faso, we reach three conclusions. First, especially in remote areas where local markets are thin, the program co...
