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作者：Michaelsen, Maren M.; Salardi, Paola
作者单位：Ruhr University Bochum; University of Toronto
摘要：We provide evidence that violence in Mexico related to the war on drugs from 2006 to 2011 had a significant negative impact on educational performance that is primarily attributable to acute psychological stress among students in the immediate aftermath of local violence. Using geographically and temporally disaggregated data we demonstrate that the largest impacts of violence on educational performance result from homicides committed within the vicinity of schools during the week immediately ...
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作者：Suesse, Marvin; Wolf, Nikolaus
作者单位：Trinity College Dublin; Humboldt University of Berlin
摘要：What determines the development of rural financial markets? Starting from a simple theoretical framework, we derive the factors shaping the market entry of rural microfinance institutions across time and space. We provide empirical evidence for these determinants using the expansion of credit cooperatives in the 236 eastern counties of Prussia between 1852 and 1913. This setting is attractive as it provides a free market benchmark scenario without public ownership, subsidization, or direct reg...
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作者：Aragon, Fernando M.; Karaivanov, Alexander; Krishnaswamy, Karuna
作者单位：Simon Fraser University
摘要：We study the short-term effect of flexible microcredit loans on small businesses. We use data from a randomized controlled trial that offered a credit line product to street vendors in India. The credit line retains standard features of microcredit such as joint liability, female borrowers and weekly meetings, but allows flexible borrowing and repayment, like a credit card. We find a positive effect on the vendors' gross profits: on average, a credit line increases profits by 7 percent compare...
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作者：Makarin, Alexey; Pique, Ricardo; Aragon, Fernando
作者单位：Toronto Metropolitan University; Simon Fraser University; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：In many developing countries, local elections are increasingly dominated by political parties with a local or regional scope. This paper examines whether the geographic scope of a ruling party (national vs. sub-national) affects local policy outcomes. This party dimension can be important due to differences in parties' ability to select and discipline politicians, coordinate with other government institutions, or internalize geographical spillovers. Using a regression discontinuity design and ...
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作者：Theoharides, Caroline
作者单位：Amherst College
摘要：Due to concerns about human trafficking, Japan restricted the flow of Filipino migrants into performing arts jobs, effectively closing the Philippines' largest migration channel. I exploit heterogeneity in the impact of this migration restriction across the Philippines to examine the effect of circular migration on sending-country labor markets. I find a lack of fungibility in migration opportunities such that the restriction decreased migration from areas that sent entertainers to Japan. Labo...
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作者：Ma, Yueyuan; Shi, Xinzheng
摘要：We estimate the effects of spousal labor supply on individuals' labor supply by using the implementation of China's 1994-1995 workweek reduction policy as a natural experiment. We find that a decrease in the labor supply of wives significantly increased that of husbands, but a decrease in the labor supply of husbands had an insignificantly negative effect on that of their wives. Furthermore, a decrease in the labor supply of one spouse reduced the amount of time spent on housework by the other...
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作者：Fujii, Tomoki; Shonchoy, Abu S.
作者单位：Singapore Management University; State University System of Florida; Florida International University
摘要：We use contemporaneous and retrospective panel datasets to examine the household-level relationship between fertility and access to electricity in Bangladesh. We find that access to electricity reduces fertility by about 0.2 children over a period of five years or total fertility rate by about 1.2 in most estimates. This finding is robust with respect to the choice of the estimation method, the choice of sample, and potential presence of endogeneity. The finding also corroborates the theoretic...
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作者：Ceballos, Francisco; Robles, Miguel
作者单位：CGIAR; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI); Universidad del Pacifico Peru
摘要：A substantial literature has analyzed the challenges around weather index insurance, yet an important design issue has been generally overlooked. Most index insurance products have so far been characterized by a one-size-fits-all payout structure, intended for a representative farmer, at the cost of ignoring considerable heterogeneity in risk profiles. This paper provides unique evidence on the ways in which heterogeneity in farmers' risk exposure affects their demand for insurance. We analyze...
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作者：Jagnani, Maulik; Khanna, Gaurav
作者单位：University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Denver; University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：We present the first estimates of the effects of higher education investments on lower levels of schooling. Using the roll-out of elite public colleges in India, we show that investments in higher education increased educational attainment among school-age children. Private schools entered districts with new elite public colleges, and students switched from public to private schools. In addition, elite public colleges crowded in investments in electricity, roads, and water services. We find su...
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作者：Callen, Michael; Gulzar, Saad; Hasanain, Ali; Khan, Muhammad Yasir; Rezaee, Arman
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; National Bureau of Economic Research; Stanford University; Lahore University of Management Sciences; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Davis
摘要：We evaluate a program in Pakistan that equips government health inspectors with a smartphone app which channels data on rural clinics to senior policy makers. The system led to rural clinics being inspected 104% more often after 6 months, but only 43.8% more often after a year, with the latter estimate not attaining significance at conventional levels. There is also no clear evidence that the increase in inspections led to increases in general staff attendance. In addition, we test whether sen...
