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作者：Dai, Mi; Huang, Wei; Zhang, Yifan
作者单位：Beijing Normal University; Chinese Academy of Social Sciences; Emory University; National University of Singapore; Chinese University of Hong Kong
摘要：This paper investigates how households adjust to local labor market shocks caused by import tariff liberalization in China. Exploiting regional variation in the exposure to tariff cuts resulting from the WTO accession, we find that regions that initially specialized in industries facing larger tariff cuts experienced relatively larger wage declines. Households responded to the shock in several ways, including more female and old household members working, more young adults co-residing with par...
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作者：Aguero, Jorge M.; Balcazar, Carlos Felipe; Maldonado, Stanislao; Nopo, Hugo
作者单位：University of Connecticut; New York University; Universidad del Rosario
摘要：We exploit time and spatial variation generated by the commodities boom to measure the effect of natural resources on human capital formation in Peru, a country with low governance indicators. Combining test scores from over two million students and district-level administrative data of mining taxes redistributed to local governments, we find sizable effects on student learning from the redistribution. However, and consistent with recent political economy models, the relationship is non-monoto...
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作者：Wu, Guiying Laura; Feng, Qu; Wang, Zhifeng
作者单位：Nanyang Technological University; Hunan University
摘要：The productivity effect of infrastructure investment is controversial in the traditional literature using aggregate production function estimation due to reverse causality. This paper develops a new approach, using a structural model of firm-level production function, and matching Chinese firm-level production data with province-level infrastructure data. The estimated rates of return are about 6 percent averaged from 1999 to 2007. The returns triple if national-level spillover effects are tak...
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作者：Cuong Viet Nguyen
作者单位：Vietnam National University Hanoi (VNU Hanoi) System
摘要：We provide evidence of the effect of term limits on the rent-seeking behavior of directors of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in Vietnam by showing that these directors recruit substantially more employees just before retirement. We argue that a possible motive of these directors for the over-recruitment is to obtain bribes from employees, since the increase in employment is not associated with higher output, and the effect of these directors' last year in office on SOE labor is smaller in prov...
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作者：Wang, Feicheng; Milner, Chris; Scheffel, Juliane
作者单位：University of Gottingen; University of Nottingham; University of Nottingham; University of Leeds
摘要：This paper empirically investigates whether the nature of firm-level employment adjustment is affected by the flexibility of the labour market. Specifically, we take advantage of differences in local labour market conditions created by the non-uniform implementation of the hukou reform in China. Variations in the implementation across cities and time allow us to identify the employment effects of the reform by comparing firms in regions with hukou reform to those in regions without. Combining ...
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作者：Gouvea, Raphael; Girardi, Daniele
作者单位：Instituto de Pesquisa Economica Aplicada (IPEA); University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Amherst
摘要：We study the role of partisanship in shaping local fiscal policy in Brazilian cities in the 2004-2016 period. Using a regression-discontinuity design, we find no effect of left-wing mayors on the size of the city government. We find a modest but robust positive effect of approximately 0.6 percentage points on the social expenditures share, which translates in a small (approximately 1 percent) increase in social expenditure per capita. The impact of left-wing mayors on social spending is strong...
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作者：Okoye, Dozie
作者单位：Dalhousie University
摘要：This paper studies the links between changes in traditional communities, due to historical Christian missionary activities, and differences in interpersonal trust between Africans today. We use various data on Christian missions to show that missions are associated with lower levels of trust within countries formerly under British indirect rule, but increased trust for all other countries. This result is robust to a variety of confounders and fixed ethnic characteristics. Using data on native ...
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作者：Shapiro, Alan Finkelstein; Mandelman, Federico S.
作者单位：Tufts University; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Atlanta
摘要：We study how digital adoption by firms-a precursor to automation-shapes the labor market structure and worker outcomes in developing countries. Using a large sample of developing countries, we document a strong and negative link between firm digital adoption and self-employment rates. This relationship persists even after controlling for the level of development and other factors associated with the distinct employment structure of developing countries. In contrast, there is no link between di...
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作者：Chatterjee, Santanu; Lebesmuehlbacher, Thomas; Narayanan, Abhinav
作者单位：University System of Georgia; University of Georgia; University System of Ohio; Xavier University; Reserve Bank of India
摘要：We use firm-level data on formal and informal production in India to examine the sectoral consequences of government investment in public infrastructure. Our results indicate that proximity to highway infrastructure, time since project completion, and firm size are important determinants of the sectoral effects of infrastructure on firm productivity. First, we show that while public capital is associated with a positive and significant output elasticity for formal sector firms, it has no syste...
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作者：Cappelli, Gabriele; Baten, Joerg
作者单位：University of Siena; Eberhard Karls University of Tubingen; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：Historical evidence of numeracy on the African continent since the 18th century is presented for the first time based on a panel dataset of 43 African countries covering the periods before, during and after colonialism (1730?1970). Estimates of numeracy draw on the age-heaping methodology: we carefully discuss the potential biases and sources of measurement error concerning the use of this index for long-term analyses. These new estimates enable us to gain a better understanding of long-term A...
