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作者：Shi, Julie; Yang, Wanyu; Yuan, Ye
作者单位：Peking University; Peking University; Dongbei University of Finance & Economics; Dongbei University of Finance & Economics
摘要：A key challenge in expanding public health insurance programs is how to deliver these programs costeffectively with limited budget. This paper studies a value-based insurance design that introduced prescription drug coverage for two chronic diseases-hypertension and diabetes. This targeted drug coverage scheme increased the use of primary care and sharply reduced hospitalizations, leading to substantial net savings in total medical expenditure. Three operating channels were in play. First, a h...
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作者：Atalar, Deniz
作者单位：University of Cambridge
摘要：This paper theoretically and empirically shows that trade liberalization can have serious effects on firms within a third country which was not party to the trade liberalization, but which previously benefited from the trade barrier in trading with the liberalizing country. The liberalization increases competition for exporters in the third country, just as it does for firms in the liberalizing country. When a policy of liberalization is implemented towards a country that specializes in low qu...
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作者：Jolevski, Filip; Nayyar, Gaurav; Pleninger, Regina; Yu, Shu
作者单位：The World Bank; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich
摘要：This paper examines spillovers in the use of digital technologies from formal to informal businesses by exploring differences in geographic proximity. Using a unique set of geocoded data from the 2019 World Bank Enterprise Surveys in Zambia, the findings indicate that geographic proximity to formal firms is associated with a significantly higher likelihood of digital adoption by informal businesses. The finding holds for various types of digital technologies, including computers, tablets, cell...
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作者：Barriga-Cabanillas, Oscar; Blumenstock, Joshua E.; Lybbert, Travis J.; Putmand, Daniel S.
作者单位：The World Bank; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Davis; University of Pennsylvania
摘要：A series of recent papers demonstrate that mobile phone metadata can, together with machine learning, estimate the wealth of individual subscribers and accurately target cash transfer programs. In the context of an emergency cash transfer program in Haiti, we combine surveys and mobile phone call detail records (CDR) to test whether such methods can be used to estimate the program's impact on household expenditures. We find that CDR-based predictions of total and food expenditures are much les...
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作者：Fazio, Maria Victoria; Freund, Richard; Novella, Rafael
作者单位：Inter-American Development Bank; University of Cape Town; University of London; University College London
摘要：This paper reports on a randomized experiment in El Salvador that aimed to improve online labor market outcomes by teaching the entrepreneurial skills required to engage with online marketplaces. Despite low completion rates, we find that assignment to the training significantly increases online freelancing outcomes, such as the probability of having an online freelancing profile, the number of proposals sent, receiving at least one job offer, and securing at least one online freelancing contr...
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作者：Di Falco, Salvatore; Han, Kyungbo
作者单位：University of Geneva; University of Bath
摘要：We examine the long-term mitigating impact of emergency food aid on health status using the food aid response to the Ethiopian famine in 1984 as a case study. Employing novel geospatial data on the location of relief camps where emergency food was distributed, we estimate the effect of proximity to a camp on height in adulthood. We compare different birth timings (born before or during versus after the relief operation) and different villages of birth (born close to versus far from a camp), ex...
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作者：Carney, Kevin; Rosenzweig, Leah R.; Wong, Wendy N.; Akech, Florence; Otieno, James; Maffioli, Elisa M.
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：Researchers, practitioners, and policymakers often view Short Messaging Service (SMS) interventions as quick and inexpensive tools to influence individual decisions. SMS text messaging is particularly attractive in countries where much of the population lives in remote areas but mobile phone technology is becoming increasingly widespread. In partnership with the Ministry of Health in Kenya, we sent a series of SMS messages-incorporating behavioral nudges and financial incentives-to encourage i...
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作者：Handa, Sudhanshu; Tembo, Gelson; Natali, Luisa; Chakrabarti, Averi
作者单位：University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of Zambia; University of Zambia; American Institutes for Research
摘要：The Zambian government's Child Grant Program (CGP) provided unconditional cash transfers to households with young children. Previous evidence from an experimental evaluation while the CGP was in place (2010-2014) showed large, positive program impacts. In this analysis, we use post-program survey data from 2017 to assess whether impacts are sustained. We find that none of the CGP impacts - on outcomes such as food security and child material well-being - persist due to impact fade-out in the t...
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作者：Bettin, Giulia; Jallow, Amadou; Zazzaro, Alberto
作者单位：Marche Polytechnic University; University of the Gambia; University of Naples Federico II
摘要：Identifying the insurance role of remittances against natural disasters through aggregate annual data is challenging due to the dynamics of remittances and disasters throughout the year and possible intertemporal substitution effects. In an event-study setting based on monthly remittance flows from Italy to 81 developing countries for 2005-2015, we investigate their dynamics in the aftermath of disasters. We find that monthly remittances positively respond to natural disasters in migrants' hom...
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作者：Barros, Laura; Silva, Manuel Santos
作者单位：University of Gottingen; Free University of Berlin
摘要：This paper investigates whether differential exposure to a labor market shock by gender contributed to the rise of far-right populism in Brazil. Using a shift-share approach, we find that gender heterogeneity in shock exposure predicts electoral outcomes. Male-specific labor demand shocks increase support for Jair Bolsonaro in the 2018 presidential election, but female-specific shocks have the reverse effect. These opposing effects are accompanied by an unprecedented gender gap in political pr...
