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作者：Edmonds, Eric V.; Shrestha, Maheshwor
作者单位：Dartmouth College; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：Can schooling promotion deter child participation in hazardous forms of child labor? We examine two interventions intended to promote schooling and deter child labor for children associated with carpet factories in Kathmandu. The first intervention provides scholarships for school-related expenses. The second provides the scholarship and an in-kind stipend conditional on school attendance. Paying for schooling expenses promotes schooling but only at the beginning of the school year when most s...
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作者：Pavcnik, Nina; Wei, Shang-Jin
作者单位：Dartmouth College; Columbia University
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作者：Keefer, Philip; Khemani, Stuti
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：Prior research on mass media and government accountability has not examined the effects of citizen media access on broad public services, such as education. At the same time, research has abstracted from the potentially influential role of mass media on parental investments in children's education. We address both issues using a natural experiment in radio access in Benin and find that school children's literacy rates are higher in villages exposed to a larger number of community radio station...
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作者：Jayachandran, Seema
作者单位：Northwestern University
摘要：Schools in developing countries frequently offer for-profit tutoring to their own students. This potentially gives teachers a perverse incentive to teach less during school to increase demand for their tutoring. Through this mechanism, the market for tutoring can adversely affect student learning, especially for students who do not participate in tutoring. I model and present empirical evidence on these effects, using survey and test score data from Nepal. The evidence suggests that when schoo...
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作者：Levinsohn, James; Pugatch, Todd
作者单位：Yale University; Oregon State University
摘要：Persistently high youth unemployment is one of the most pressing problems in South Africa. We prospectively analyze an employer wage subsidy targeted at youth, a policy recently enacted by the South African government to address the issue. Recognizing that a credible estimate of the policy's impact requires a model of the labor market that itself generates high unemployment in equilibrium, we estimate a structural search model that incorporates both observed heterogeneity and measurement error...
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作者：Fafchamps, Marcel; McKenzie, David; Quinn, Simon; Woodruff, Christopher
作者单位：University of Oxford; The World Bank; University of Warwick
摘要：Standard models of investment predict that credit-constrained firms should grow rapidly when given additional capital, and that how this capital is provided should not affect decisions to invest in the business or consume the capital. We randomly gave cash and in-kind grants to male- and female-owned microenterprises in urban Ghana. For women running subsistence enterprises we find no gain in profits from either treatment. For women with larger businesses we strongly reject equality of the cas...
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作者：Norback, Pehr-Johan; Persson, Lars; Douhan, Robin
作者单位：Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN)
摘要：What explains the world-wide trend of pro-entrepreneurial policies? We study entrepreneurial policy in the form of entry costs in a lobbying model taking into account the conflict of interest between entrepreneurs and incumbents. It is shown that international market integration leads to more pro-entrepreneurial policies, since it is then (i) more difficult to protect domestic incumbents and (ii) pro-entrepreneurial policies make foreign entrepreneurs less aggressive. Using the World Bank Doin...
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作者：Juhn, Chinhui; Ujhelyi, Gergely; Villegas-Sanchez, Carolina
作者单位：University of Houston System; University of Houston; University of Houston System; University of Houston; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Houston System; University of Houston; Universitat Ramon Llull; Escuela Superior de Administracion y Direccion de Empresas (ESADE)
摘要：This paper studies the effect of trade liberalization on an under-explored aspect of wage inequality gender inequality. We consider a model where firms differ in their productivity and workers are differentiated by skill as well as gender. A reduction in tariffs induces more productive firms to modernize their technology and enter the export market. New technologies involve computerized production processes and lower the need for physically demanding skills. As a result, the relative wage and ...
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作者：Naoussi, Claude Francis; Tripier, Fabien
作者单位：Universite de Lille
摘要：This article explores the role of trend shocks in explaining the specificities of business cycles in developing countries using the methodology introduced by Aguiar and Gopinath (2007). We specify a small open economy model with transitory and trend shocks on productivity to replicate the differences in the business cycle behavior observed between developed, emerging, and Sub-Saharan Africa countries. Our results suggest a strong relationship between the weight of trend shocks in the source of...
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作者：Abramitzky, Ran; Boustan, Leah Platt; Eriksson, Katherine
作者单位：Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：Using novel data on 50,000 Norwegian men, we study the effect of wealth on the probability of internal or international migration during the Age of Mass Migration (1850-1913), a time when the US maintained an open border to European immigrants. We do so by exploiting variation in parental wealth and in expected inheritance by birth order, gender composition of siblings, and region. We find that wealth discouraged migration in this era, suggesting that the poor could be more likely to move if m...
