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作者：Yuan, Cheng; Zhang, Lei
作者单位：Peking University; Shanghai Jiao Tong University
摘要：This paper documents robust evidence that increases in public spending on basic education are associated with significant reductions in household private tutoring spending in urban China. This reduction,comes primarily from the top and bottom income households, suggesting multi-dimensional demands for private tutoring. It concentrates on households with an only boy and is larger for middle-school than primary-school children. Increases in public education spending are associated with significa...
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作者：Farrin, Katie; Miranda, Mario J.
作者单位：United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); University System of Ohio; Ohio State University
摘要：Protection from downside risk is a determinant of technology uptake among subsistence agricultural households. Access to credit, insurance and savings may stimulate technology adoption where new methods are riskier but higher-yielding or require sunk costs. In this paper, we employ a dynamic, stochastic, heterogeneous agent model where farm households have access to contingent credit and make savings, technology and loan repayment choices. Our approach is novel as insurance is modeled as a mes...
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作者：Auer, Raphael A.
作者单位：Swiss National Bank (SNB)
摘要：This paper examines the cross-country income and welfare consequences of trade-induced human capital (dis-)accumulation. The model is based on heterogeneous workers who make educational decisions in the presence of complete markets. When such heterogeneous workers invest in schooling, high type agents earn a surplus from their investment. In the presence of cross-country differences in skill-augmenting technology, trade shifts this surplus to rich countries that can use skills more efficiently...
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作者：Aragon, Fernando M.
作者单位：Simon Fraser University
摘要：This paper examines the effect of an improvement in property rights on a local economy using the case of First Nations' modern treaties. These treaties are an important institutional reform that clarifies ownership of land and natural resources near Aboriginal communities. Using confidential micro-data, I find evidence of a positive impact of modern treaties on real income. The effect is driven by employment income and spreads across workers in industries not directly affected by the reform. I...
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作者：Wilson, Nicholas
作者单位：Reed College - Portland
摘要：A fundamental question in development and growth is whether and how fast fertility responds to reductions in child mortality risk I use the expansion of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) in Zambia to provide some of the first quasi-experimental evidence on this question. My results suggest that the local introduction of PMTCT reduced pregnancy rates by approximately 10%, particularly among likely HIV positive women and women in locations where PIVITCT was available for ...
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作者：Gibson, John; Kim, Bonggeun
作者单位：University of Waikato; Seoul National University (SNU)
摘要：If relative prices of goods within a commodity group are constant, Hicksian separability lets the price of a single good represent the group price level. This is relied on by price questionnaires used with household surveys in developing countries and when constructing temporal and spatial deflators. Methods of estimating demand systems from household survey data also rely on Hicksian separability. Yet this restriction remains untested in cross-sections. We use unique data from Vietnam with mu...
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作者：Roy, Shalini; Ara, Jinnat; Das, Narayan; Quisumbing, Agnes R.
作者单位：CGIAR; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI); Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee BRAC
摘要：Many development interventions target transfers to women. However, little evidence directly explores the fly-paper effects of whether women retain control over these transfers once within the household and how reallocation of the transfers affects women's empowerment. We study these dynamics in the context of BRAC's randomized CFPR-TUP program in Bangladesh, which provides livestock and training to rural women in ultra poor households. Our analysis confirms previous findings that CFPR-TUP incr...
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作者：Kis-Katos, Krisztina; Sparrow, Robert
作者单位：University of Freiburg; Australian National University; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：We measure the effects of trade liberalization over the period of 1993-2002 on regional poverty levels in 259 Indonesian districts, and investigate the labor market mechanisms behind these effects. The identification strategy relies on combining information on initial regional labor and product market structure with the exogenous tariff reduction schedule over four three-year periods. We add to the literature on local labor market effects of trade policies by distinguishing between tariffs for...
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作者：Lugovskyy, Volodymyr; Skiba, Alexandre
作者单位：Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; University of Wyoming
摘要：This paper connects the quality of product-level bilateral trade flows with the geographic position of the exporter. Theoretically we show that, in addition to commonly used importer characteristics, quality increases (i) in trade-weighted specific transportation cost to destinations other than the importer and (ii) in trade-weighted preference for quality of destinations other than the importer. These two channels extend the familiar Alchian-Allen and Linder theories to the multilateral setti...
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作者：Prina, Silvia
作者单位：University System of Ohio; Case Western Reserve University
摘要：In a setting with low penetration of bank accounts, I randomly gave access to bank accounts with zero fees at local bank-branches to a large sample of female household heads in Nepal. The zero fees and physical proximity of the bank led to high take-up and usage rates compared to similar studies in other settings. However, impact on income, aggregate expenditures, and assets are too imprecisely estimated to draw a conclusion. I do find reallocation of expenditures across categories (e.g. more ...
