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作者：Dinkelman, Taryn; Schulhofer-Wohl, Sam
作者单位：Dartmouth College; National Bureau of Economic Research; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Minneapolis
摘要：The direct benefits of infrastructure in developing countries can be large, but if new infrastructure induces inmigration, congestion of other local publicly provided goods may offset the direct benefits. Using the example of rural household electrification in South Africa, we demonstrate the importance of accounting for migration when evaluating welfare gains of spatial programs. We also provide a practical approach to computing welfare gains that does not rely on land prices. We develop a lo...
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作者：Agenor, Pierre-Richard; Dinh, Hinh T.
作者单位：University of Manchester; The World Bank
摘要：Links between social capital, human capital, and product imitation are studied in an overlapping generations model of economic growth with endogenous time allocation. Social capital promotes imitation and there is a two-way interaction between imitation and human capital. Building social capital (which brings direct utility) requires time and access to infrastructure. Because life expectancy is endogenously related to human capital, time allocation between market work and social capital accumu...
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作者：Bidner, Chris; Eswaran, Mukesh
作者单位：Simon Fraser University; University of British Columbia
摘要：We propose a theory of the origins of India's caste system by explicitly recognizing the productivity of women in complementing their husbands' occupation-specific skill. The theory explains the core features of the caste system: its hereditary and hierarchical nature, and its insistence on endogamy (marriage only within castes). Endogamy is embraced by a group to minimize an externality that arises when group members marry outsiders. We demonstrate why the caste system embodies gender asymmet...
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作者：Ebeke, Christian; Omgba, Luc Desire; Laajaj, Rachid
作者单位：International Monetary Fund; Universite Paris Saclay; Paris School of Economics; INRAE
摘要：This paper sheds light on the relationship between oil rent and the allocation of talent, toward rent-seeking versus more productive activities, conditional on the quality of institutions. Using a sample of 69 developing countries, we demonstrate that oil resources orient university students toward specializations that provide better future access to rents when institutions are weak. The results are robust to various specifications, datasets on governance quality and estimation methods. Oil af...
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作者：Caruso, German; Miller, Sebastian
作者单位：The World Bank; Inter-American Development Bank
摘要：This study estimates the effects of the 1970 Ancash earthquake on human capital accumulation on the affected and subsequent generation, 37 years after the shock, using Peruvian census of 1993 and 2007. The main finding is that males affected by the earthquake in utero completed on average 0.5 years less schooling while females affected by the earthquake completed 0.8 years less schooling. Moreover those affected by the earthquake also fare far worse in the marriage market and become parents at...
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作者：Heath, Rachel; Mobarak, A. Mushfiq
作者单位：University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; Yale University
摘要：We study the effects of explosive growth in the Bangladeshi ready-made garments industry on the lives on Bangladeshi women. We compare the marriage, childbearing, school enrollment and employment decisions of women who gain greater access to garment sector jobs to women living further away from factories, to years before the factories arrive close to some villages, and to the marriage and enrollment decisions of their male siblings. Girls exposed to the garment sector delay marriage and childb...
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作者：Corvalan, Alejandro; Vargas, Miguel
作者单位：University Diego Portales
摘要：This paper examines the relationship between segregation and several intensities of civil conflict. Our results are as follows. First, both ethnic segregation and language segregation exhibit a strong and robust correlation with the incidence of conflict at any intensity level; that is, from civil wars to social disorder and protests. Conversely, religious segregation does not affect any type of conflict. Second, ethnic segregation and language segregation are related to the escalation and con...
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作者：Ahlin, Christian
作者单位：Michigan State University
摘要：This paper explores group size in joint liability lending, primarily in the adverse selection framework with local borrower information. A single, standardized contract that imposes full joint liability subject to a limited liability cap is optimal. Further, if gross returns to borrowing are moderately high, this contract results in perfectly efficient lending if groups are large enough. However, raising group size accomplishes nothing if there is no local borrower information. These results s...
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作者：Aldashev, Gani; Limardi, Michela; Verdier, Thierry
作者单位：CY Cergy Paris Universite; University of Namur; Universite de Lille; Institut Polytechnique de Paris; Ecole des Ponts ParisTech; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：Globalization has been accompanied by rising pressure from advocacy non-governmental organizations (NGOs) on multinational firms to act in socially-responsible manner. We analyze how NGO pressure interacts with industry structure, using a simple model of NGO-firm interaction embedded in an industry environment with endogenous markups and entry. We explain three key empirical patterns in developing-country industries under activist pressure: the degree of exit under more intense activist pressu...
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作者：Magnan, Nicholas; Spielman, David J.; Lybbert, Travis J.; Gulati, Kajal
作者单位：University System of Georgia; University of Georgia; CGIAR; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI); University of California System; University of California Davis
摘要：Agricultural technologies typically spread as farmers learn about profitability through social networks. This process can be nuanced, however, when net returns for some farmers may not be positive. We investigate how social learning influences demand for a resource-conserving technology in eastern Uttar Pradesh, India. We identify potential adopters through an experimental auction and randomly select a subset to adopt. We exploit this variation in adoption across networks to estimate network e...
