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作者：Li, Taipeng; Trimarchi, Lorenzo; Xie, Rui; Yang, Guohao
作者单位：Hunan University; University of Namur; Liaoning University
摘要：Using the 2018-2019 US-China trade war as a quasi-natural experiment, we analyze how rising trade barriers undermine environmental regulation in China through political incentives. Through a difference-in-differences strategy exploiting variation in Chinese prefecture-level exposure to US tariffs, we find more exposed areas significantly reduce environmental regulation emphasis and raise pollution limits. This response operates through political incentives: connected Chinese officials more rea...
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作者：Cordella, Tito; Cufre, Maia; Presbitero, Andrea F.
作者单位：Johns Hopkins University; Northwestern University; International Monetary Fund; Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm)
摘要：Twenty years after the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) debt relief initiative, debt levels in low-income countries are rising again, renewing sustainability concerns. The prevailing view suggests that China and other emerging lenders exploited the HIPC initiative to expand lending. Using a synthetic control method to generate a counterfactual, we find that, contrary to this narrative, China and other emerging lenders reduced net lending after debt relief; only multilateral creditors inc...
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作者：Jaramillo-Echeverri, Juliana; Alvarez, Andres
作者单位：Universidad de los Andes (Colombia)
摘要：We examine the deep historical roots of contemporary disparities in access to high-quality education in Colombia. Using rare surnames to follow lineages of ethnic minorities and elites from the colonial era to the early 20th century, we analyze whether ancestry predicts access to educational institutions. Our findings reveal strong correlations: Students with Afro-Colombian or Indigenous surnames are less likely to be enrolled in high-quality schools and more likely to be attending low-quality...
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作者：Lin, Xin; Hui, Eddie Chi-man; Cong, Zhenglong; Shen, Jianfu
作者单位：Hong Kong Polytechnic University; City University of Hong Kong; Renmin University of China
摘要：This study explores whether strengthening communal land rights can address coordination failures caused by fragmented land tenure. Based on China's ambitious land reform that permits rural collectives to directly sell or rent their construction land to enterprises, we discover that collective land transfer rights boost rural entrepreneurship by 25%. This positive firm growth is entirely concentrated in regions where collective coordination is simpler to achieve (i.e., less rugged areas and reg...
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作者：Gethin, Amory
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：Traditional inequality statistics focus on disposable income, ignoring households' consumption of public services. This article provides novel evidence on the distributional incidence of public goods, combining budget data with rich microdata in the context of post-apartheid South Africa. Redistribution through public services is large and has considerably grown. The poorest 50% consume 60% of public education, 50% of healthcare, 40% of police and local government services, and only 7% of tran...
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作者：Sandi, Nan
作者单位：University of Oxford
摘要：This paper inverts the standard resource-conflict paradigm by examining how resource contraction, rather than expansion, affects civil violence. Exploiting a 2016 moratorium in Myanmar that halted new mining licenses, I implement a difference-in-differences strategy using a novel spatially disaggregated database linking mining activity with geo-coded conflict events from 2011-2020. The contraction led to a 69% reduction in conflict incidents - particularly violent and fatal events - in previou...
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作者：Chen, Y. Joy; Gong, Robin Kaiji; Li, Jinlin
作者单位：Renmin University of China; Hong Kong University of Science & Technology
摘要：Government venture capital (VC) is a core component of China's industrial policy framework. This study documents a novel feature of government VC under geopolitical tensions: During the 2018-2019 US-China trade war, government VC funds sustained their investments in manufacturing industries targeted by the U.S. tariffs, in contrast to an overall withdrawal of private capital. This persistence had important implications for startup financing and innovation. Startups heavily exposed to tariff sh...
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作者：Li, Xun; Xia, Congling
作者单位：Wuhan University; Southern University of Science & Technology
摘要：This paper investigates the impact of dockless bike-sharing services (DBS), a key element of the sharing economy in China, on residents' physical and mental well-being, as well as their social behaviors. Leveraging the phased introduction of DBS in Chinese cities between 2015 and 2020 and multiple data sets, we employ a staggered DID design with continuous treatment to evaluate the causal effects. We find that the introduction of DBS leads to a significant reduction in body mass index (BMI) an...
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作者：Balakina, Olga; Balasubramaniam, Vimal; Dimri, Aditi; Sane, Renuka
作者单位：University of London; Queen Mary University London; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：Financial product-specific knowledge is increasingly necessary for households to make informed choices, especially as firms often shroud important features. In a field experiment with a sub-optimal, shrouded insurance product in India, we test two product-specific education interventions: one based on rules of thumb and the other combining rules of thumb with explicit product evaluation. We find that rules-of-thumb education significantly improves financial decisions, while explicit product ev...
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作者：Goto, Jun
作者单位：National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies
摘要：Historically, the debate on judicial independence has been centered on whether the participation of external branches in the appointment process of judges hampers the impartial administration of justice. However, less attention has been given to how the internal judicial organization shapes the judge's decision. This paper, which focuses on the Indian lower judiciary, explores whether the prospects of promotion to higher courts result in currying favor with judicial leaders who possess discret...
