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作者：Chen, Maggie Xiaoyang; Ebadi, Ebad
作者单位：George Washington University; The World Bank
摘要：We investigate the impacts of the 2016 female labor reform in Iran-a country with one of the world's poorest gender equity records-mandating employers to reduce working hours without pay cuts for eligible female workers to ensure the social security of vulnerable women. Using nationally representative quarterly household income and expenditure survey data, our analysis shows that the reform led to a modest reduction in the working hours of eligible women but fell short of its stated objectives...
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作者：Lee, Seungmin; Abay, Kibrom A.; Barrett, Christopher B.; Hoddinott, John
作者单位：University of Notre Dame; CGIAR; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI); Cornell University
摘要：Existing measures of resilience are typically based on a single well-being indicator. This is problematic in contexts where households face deprivations across multiple dimensions. We develop a multidimensional resilience measure, integrating probabilistic moment-based resilience measurement approaches with multidimensional poverty measurement methods. Applying these to household panel data from Ethiopia, we show that univariate and multidimensional resilience measures based on expenditure-bas...
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作者：Asmat, Roberto; Kossuth, Lajos
作者单位：Vienna University of Economics & Business; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：We study gender differences in child support rulings by judges in cases where defendants (fathers) may work in either the formal or informal sector. Our identification strategy exploits the random assignment of cases to courts presided over by individual judges. We find that female judges award child support amounts that are 0.18 standard deviations lower than those awarded by male judges. When focusing on defendants working in the informal sector (who constitute over 70% of the cases), the ga...
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作者：Chen, Xiaoguang; Gong, Binlei; Qin, Zhilong; Wang, Xiaoli
作者单位：Southwestern University of Finance & Economics - China; Zhejiang University; Zhejiang University; Southwestern University of Finance & Economics - China
摘要：We estimate the impacts of China's extensive high-speed railroads (HSR) expansions using both county-level and household-level agricultural data. Our estimates indicate that HSR expansions: (i) facilitated the outflow of labor from agriculture and reduced cropland in connected rural areas, particularly in underdeveloped regions; (ii) increased agricultural total factor productivity (TFP), effectively offsetting the negative impacts on agricultural output from reduced inputs; (iii) significantl...
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作者：Fan, Jianyong; Tang, Wei; Zhang, Feng
作者单位：Fudan University; Shanghai University of Finance & Economics; Nanjing University of Finance & Economics
摘要：This paper examines the long-term impact of universities on local industrial development by leveraging a largescale department relocation program in China during the 1950s, which reassigned more than two thirds of all university departments nationwide. While these relocations had limited influence under the planned economy, their impact became increasingly pronounced after China's economic liberalization in 1978. Our findings reveal substantial effects on total employment, firm numbers, and pr...
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作者：Armand, Alex; Carneiro, Pedro; Tagliati, Federico; Xia, Yiming
作者单位：Universidade Nova de Lisboa; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of London; University College London; University of London; University College London; Norwegian School of Economics (NHH); Banco de Espana; Southwestern University of Finance & Economics - China
摘要：This study experimentally assesses the effects of temporary wage subsidies on employment in North Macedonia. The target group consists of vulnerable unemployed individuals participating in an employment program that provides employers with a subsidy covering half of the wage payments during the first year of employment, as well as training expenses. Applicants are initially matched to job openings and then randomly selected for job interviews with employers, who decide whether to hire them und...
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作者：Hansen-Lewis, Jamie
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis
摘要：I analyze the impact of air pollution on manufacturing productivity in India, examining how technology and adaptation influence the damages. Using firm panel and satellite-derived pollution data, I estimate the effect of pollution on productivity, with wind velocity serving as an instrument for air pollution. While sensitivity is detected among labor-intensive industries, no meaningful average effect is found. To explain these patterns, I present a model showing that firms adapt by lowering ou...
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作者：Wan, Liyang; Wan, Qian; Yang, Zichao; Zhao, Ying
作者单位：Zhejiang University; Zhejiang University; Zhongnan University of Economics & Law; Zhongnan University of Economics & Law; Zhongnan University of Economics & Law
摘要：This paper examines the impact of intellectual property judicial institutions on innovation, focusing on the intellectual property courts (IPCs) reform in China. We find that IPCs reform leads to a significant 22.6 % increase in the number of invention patents at the city level, equating to an average rise of 215 annually. Notably, we rule out the possibility of inter-region and intra-conglomerate transfer of patents, indicating that the effect of the IPCs reform on innovation is not a zero-su...
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作者：Cinque, Andrea; Gehrke, Esther; Reiners, Lennart
作者单位：Organisation for Economic Co-operation & Development (OECD); Wageningen University & Research; Asian Development Bank
摘要：How do restrictions to international migration affect communities' ability to cope with natural disasters? We exploit the implementation of an emigration ban for millions of Indonesians wanting to migrate to Saudi Arabia as a natural experiment. Our identification strategy relies on pre-determined migration networks and on the exogenous timing of the ban and of natural disasters. Using a panel of the universe of Indonesian villages and a triple difference approach, we demonstrate that poverty ...
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作者：Jat, Rajveer; Ramaswami, Bharat
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Riverside; Ashoka University
摘要：The measured agricultural productivity gap (APG) in developing countries typically compares agriculture with the entire non-farm economy, implicitly treating the latter as homogeneous. In developing countries, most nonfarm employment is informal, concentrated in small, unregistered enterprises with low productivity. This paper compares the productivity of agriculture to the informal and formal non-farm sectors in India. Using Indian sectoral data from the India KLEMS database linked with natio...
