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作者：Shah, Jawad
作者单位：University of Oxford
摘要：I test the efficacy of VAT's in-built third-party information trail, together with electronic filing, to deter tax evasion in a low state capacity environment. Using a reform which utilizes information beyond the VAT trail and authorizes a computerized risk analysis system to accept or reject tax credits in real time, my difference-in-differences estimates show that claims declined by 50%. Based on firm heterogeneity, the response ranges from 30%-90%. Approximately 10% of treated firms were fa...
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作者：Okuyama, Yoko
作者单位：Uppsala University
摘要：I study the impact of women's radio programs that the US-led occupying force aired nationwide in Occupied Japan (1945-1952) to dismantle the prewar patriarchal norms. From the perspective of the economics of identity, the radio messages can be viewed as attempts to alter gendered identity norms, and thus to shift women's political, economic and family outcomes. Using local variation in radio signal strength driven by soil conditions as an instrumental variable, I show that greater exposure to ...
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作者：Aggarwal, Raavi
作者单位：Indian Statistical Institute; Indian Statistical Institute Delhi
摘要：Carbon taxation is suggested as an efficient instrument for the clean energy transition. However, high resulting prices for coal and electricity could adversely impact industrial performance and employment by raising production costs. Integration of renewable energy in the electricity grid could stabilise electricity prices. We estimate the elasticity of substitution between labour and electricity among the formal and informal manufacturing sector in India. The results show labour and electric...
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作者：Hoy, Christopher; Kim, Yeon Soo; Nguyen, Minh Cong; Sosa, Mariano; Tiwari, Sailesh
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：This study examines which factors influence support for reducing fossil fuel subsidies and what types of information shift people's views through surveying 37,000 respondents across 12 middle-income countries that provided over US$750 billion in explicit and implicit subsidies for fossil fuels in 2022. Respondents were randomly allocated to receive information about the relative cost of fossil fuel subsidies, how they are regressive, or worsen climate change and air pollution. They were then a...
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作者：Hu, Zhi-An; Luo, Wei
作者单位：Central University of Finance & Economics; University of Jinan
摘要：Can governments promote national integration through compulsory education? We examine this question in the context of China's Compulsory Education Law, which was initiated in 1986 and implemented across provinces in subsequent years. Exploiting variation in individual exposure to the policy during ages 6-15, we find that ethnic minorities with longer exposure were more likely to enter interethnic marriages. This effect is stronger in regions with lower residential segregation and among groups ...
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作者：Jones, Sam; Schilling, Felix; Tarp, Finn
作者单位：Copenhagen Business School; University of Copenhagen
摘要：This study shows how political elites and their families derive private business benefits from public office through ownership of firms. Looking over more than four decades in Mozambique, we combine a new database of politically exposed persons (PEPs) with the universe of formally-registered firms and their beneficial owners. Based on generalized event study methods, we differentiate between static and dynamic effects of political office on metrics of private business capital. We find that bec...
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作者：Ma, Hong; Xu, Mingzhi; You, Wei; Feng, Jinmei
作者单位：Tsinghua University; Peking University
摘要：This study estimates the causal impact of the massive installation of surveillance cameras on crime, using novel data from China between 2014 and 2019. Leveraging the preexisting presence of local camera manufacturers as an instrument for camera deployment intensity, we find that cities with denser surveillance networks experienced significantly steeper declines in crime. The reduction is more pronounced for publicly visible crimes. Enhanced surveillance is linked to higher satisfaction with t...
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作者：Bloem, Jeffrey R.; Damon, Amy; Francis, David C.; Mitchell, Harrison
作者单位：CGIAR; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI); Macalester College; The World Bank; University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：Violent conflict between nomadic herders and settled agricultural communities in Nigeria occurs as both groups clash over the use of land and natural resources, in part, due to a changing climate. We generate theory and evidence to study the labor responses of individuals within agricultural households to herder-related violence and consider a shadow of violence mechanism, whereby previous exposure to a violent event alters labor responses to a recent event. Using panel data from 2010 through ...
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作者：Nyqvist, Martina Bjorkman; von Carnap, Tillmann; Guariso, Andrea; Svensson, Jakob
作者单位：University of Oslo; University of Milano-Bicocca; Stockholm University
摘要：Climate change is increasing the intensity of extreme weather events. Health is a primary channel through which climate change affects welfare. Yet, estimates of the mitigating effects of health system strengthening are largely missing. We combine data from a randomized trial inducing variation in healthcare access with naturally-occurring variation in growing-season precipitation to study the adaptive impact of community healthcare in a low-income country setting. The risk of infant death inc...
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作者：Huang, Zenghe; Dong, Xiaofang
作者单位：Xiamen University; Xiamen University
摘要：This study examines the impact of flooding on human capital investment in China. We find that early flood exposure significantly reduces educational attainment and the likelihood of entering high school in rural areas, particularly in regions with lower flood risk, non-detention basins, and counties without flood control dams. Income and opportunity cost effects contribute to these outcomes, with floods disproportionately affecting students from poor households. The emergence of low-skilled an...
