-
作者：Ndayikeza, Michel Armel
作者单位：Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Universite Clermont Auvergne (UCA)
摘要：Across low-income countries, limited prospects for high-skill employment and poverty push numerous college graduates into jobs which do not require a college degree. These types of experiences maybe advantageous or detracting for the new graduates. To examine this issue, we conducted afield experiment in Burundi which elicited preferences of employers with respect to low-skill job experience of recent college graduates. We estimate the impact of signaling various types of low-skill experiences...
-
作者：Batista, Catia; Costa, David M.; Freitas, Pedro; Lima, Goncalo; Reis, Ana B.
作者单位：Universidade Nova de Lisboa; University of Oxford; European University Institute; University of Bologna
摘要：Study abroad migration is the fastest growing international migration flow. However, the college completion rates of students from low-income countries are often modest in OECD countries, raising the hypothesis that these migrants are poorly informed about the costs and benefits of their decision. Our work tests this hypothesis by running a lab-in-the-field experiment where graduating high school students in Cape Verde are faced with incentivized decisions to apply for college studies abroad. ...
-
作者：Balmaceda, Felipe
作者单位：Universidad Andres Bello
摘要：This paper shows that local labor market power provides a rationale for the higher prevalence of selfemployment in developing economies relative to developed economies. Labor market power creates occupational mismatch-too many workers choose self-employment relative to the competitive benchmark. Because of labor market power, workers underinvest in skills that increase paid employment productivity and overinvest in those that enhance self-employment productivity. Under certain conditions, this...
-
作者：Aiken, Emily; Bellue, Suzanne; Blumenstock, Joshua E.; Karlan, Dean; Udry, Christopher
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Institut Polytechnique de Paris; ENSAE Paris; Ecole Polytechnique; Northwestern University
摘要：We study whether program impacts can be estimated using a combination of digital trace data and machine learning. In a randomized controlled trial of cash transfers in Togo, endline survey data indicate positive treatment effects on food security, mental health, and perceived economic status. However, estimates of impact based solely on predicted endline outcomes (generated using trace data and machine learning, which do successfully predict baseline poverty) are generally not statistically si...
-
作者：Balza, Lenin H.; de los Rios, Camilo; Mori, Raul Jimenez; Manzano, Osmel
作者单位：Inter-American Development Bank; Duke University; Inter-American Development Bank
摘要：This paper explores the local-level impacts of oil exploitation on human capital accumulation in Colombia, a resource-rich developing country. We provide evidence based on detailed spatial and temporal data on oil exploitation and education, using the number of wells to measure treatment intensity at the school level. To derive causal estimates, we rely on an instrumental variable approach that exploits the exogeneity of international oil prices and a proxy of local oil endowments. The results...
-
作者：Harris-Fry, Helen; Cortina-Borja, Mario
作者单位：University of London; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine; University of London; University College London
摘要：Households' allocative decisions have potentially large implications for the health and welfare of their members. We analyze a dataset of rural Bangladeshi households to estimate: (i) a benchmark level of nutritional adequacy that households could afford by selecting different foods and reallocating them among members, and (ii) the associated trade-offs in terms of income and equity preferences. Using a novel set of non-linear health production functions, we show that households can afford ade...
-
作者：Garred, Jason; Yuan, Song
作者单位：University of Ottawa; Zhejiang University
摘要：Rising global political tensions and increasing use of trade policies are popularly seen as potential threats to globalization. Will these factors lead to the 'decoupling' of affected economies, or reshape relations between trade partners in more complex ways? We consider this question by studying the recent evolution of the economic relationship between China and the US, in the context of a sharp fall in direct China-US trade. Using firm-level and product-level data, we show that Chinese manu...
-
作者：Chatterjee, Santanu; Lebesmuehlbacher, Thomas; Narayanan, Abhinav
作者单位：University System of Georgia; University of Georgia; University System of Ohio; Xavier University; Reserve Bank of India
摘要：We investigate the impact of road infrastructure on labor markets in India's manufacturing sector by using the variation in time spent by firms and households on completed sections of a major highway construction project. While the skill composition and overall employment remain unchanged, we find that the skill premium rises three years after the completion of a highway segment, primarily in larger firms that use transportation assets intensively. Labor market frictions significantly influenc...
-
作者：Shi, Julie; Yang, Wanyu; Yuan, Ye
作者单位：Peking University; Peking University; Dongbei University of Finance & Economics; Dongbei University of Finance & Economics
摘要：A key challenge in expanding public health insurance programs is how to deliver these programs costeffectively with limited budget. This paper studies a value-based insurance design that introduced prescription drug coverage for two chronic diseases-hypertension and diabetes. This targeted drug coverage scheme increased the use of primary care and sharply reduced hospitalizations, leading to substantial net savings in total medical expenditure. Three operating channels were in play. First, a h...
-
作者：Atalar, Deniz
作者单位：University of Cambridge
摘要：This paper theoretically and empirically shows that trade liberalization can have serious effects on firms within a third country which was not party to the trade liberalization, but which previously benefited from the trade barrier in trading with the liberalizing country. The liberalization increases competition for exporters in the third country, just as it does for firms in the liberalizing country. When a policy of liberalization is implemented towards a country that specializes in low qu...
