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作者：Brewer, Mike; Etheridge, Ben; O'Dea, Cormac
作者单位：University of Essex; University of Essex; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：We document that households in the UK with extremely low measured income tend to spend much more than those with merely moderately low income. This phenomenon is evident throughout three decades worth of microdata and across different employment states, levels of education and marital statuses. Of the likely explanations, we provide several arguments that discount over-reporting of expenditure and argue that under-reporting of income plays the major role. In particular, by using a dynamic mode...
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作者：Anderson, Robert Warren; Johnson, Noel D.; Koyama, Mark
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; George Mason University
摘要：What factors caused the persecution of minorities in pre-modern Europe? Using panel data consisting of 1,366 persecutions of Jews from 936 European cities between 1100 and 1800, we test whether persecutions were more likely following colder growing seasons. A one standard deviation decrease in growing season temperature in the previous five-year period increased the probability of a persecution by between 1 and 1.5 percentage points (relative to a baseline of 2%). This effect was strongest in ...
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作者：Kamei, Kenju; Putterman, Louis
作者单位：Durham University; Brown University
摘要：Often the fuller the reputational record people's actions generate, the greater their incentive to earn a reputation for cooperation. However, inability to wipe clean' one's past record might trap some agents who initially underappreciate reputation's value in a cycle of bad behaviour, whereas a clean slate could have been followed by their reforming' themselves. In a laboratory experiment, we investigate what subjects learn from playing a finitely repeated dilemma game with endogenous, symmet...
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作者：Cubel, Maria; Sanchez-Pages, Santiago
作者单位：Brunel University; University of Barcelona; University of London; King's College London
摘要：This article explores the existence and endogeneity of gender differences in strategic behaviour. We report results from two experimental studies employing the beauty contest game, one in the laboratory and one in the classroom. We observe robust and significant gender differences in observed depth of strategic reasoning in favour of men in zero-stake situations. These differences disappear when a monetary prize is awarded. We also find that females engage in more rounds of reasoning than male...
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作者：Akiyama, Eizo; Hanaki, Nobuyuki; Ishikawa, Ryuichiro
作者单位：University of Tsukuba; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite Cote d'Azur
摘要：To what extent is the observed mispricing in experimental asset markets caused by strategic uncertainty and by confusion? We address this question by comparing subjects' initial price forecasts in two market environments: one with six human traders and the other with one human and five computer traders. We find that both strategic uncertainty and confusion contribute equally to the median initial forecast deviation from the fundamental value. The effect of strategic uncertainty is greater for ...
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作者：Muller, Laurent; Lacroix, Anne; Lusk, Jayson L.; Ruffieux, Bernard
作者单位：INRAE; Oklahoma State University System; Oklahoma State University - Stillwater; Communaute Universite Grenoble Alpes; Universite Grenoble Alpes (UGA); Communaute Universite Grenoble Alpes; Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble
摘要：We conducted an experiment to study the fiscal impacts of unhealthy food taxes and healthy food subsidies on very low and medium income women in France. The policies tend to be regressive and favour higher income consumers. Unhealthy food taxes increase prices paid more for lower than higher income women. Healthy food subsidies reduce the prices paid more for higher than lower income women. The effects arise because the pre-policy diets of the higher income women tend to be healthier but also ...
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作者：Fevang, Elisabeth; Hardoy, Ines; Roed, Knut
摘要：We investigate the impacts of economic incentives on the duration and outcome of temporary disability insurance (TDI) spells. The analysis is based on a large quasi-experiment taking place in Norway, involving a complete overhaul of the TDI benefit system. Our findings show that the labour supply of TDI claimants does respond to both the benefit level and the level of local labour demand. The estimated elasticity of the transition rate to employment with respect to the benefit level is -0.33. ...
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作者：Save-Soderbergh, Jenny; Lindquist, Gabriella Sjogren
作者单位：Stockholm University
摘要：Using unique panel data, we compare the cognitive performance and wagering behaviour of children (10-11 years) with that of adults playing the Swedish version of the TV shows Jeopardy and Junior Jeopardy. Although facing the same well known high-stakes game, and controlling for performance differences, there is no gender gap in risk taking between girls and boys in contrast to adults; while girls assume more risk than women, boys assume less risk than men. We also find that female behaviour is...
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作者：Andersen, Torben M.; Bhattacharya, Joydeep
作者单位：Aarhus University; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Iowa State University; Iowa State University
摘要：This article develops a theory of the two-armed intergenerational welfare state, consistent with key features of modern welfare arrangements, and uses it to rationalise the rise and fall in generosity of Pay-as-you-go Pensions solely on efficiency grounds. By using the education arm, a dynamically-efficient welfare state is shown to improve upon long-run laissez faire even when market failures are absent. To release these downstream welfare gains without hurting any transitional generation, he...
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作者：Cervellati, Matteo; Sunde, Uwe; Valmori, Simona
作者单位：University of Munich; University of Bologna; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：This article documents a statistically strong and quantitatively relevant effect of high exposure to infectious diseases on the risk of civil conflicts. The analysis exploits data on the presence and endemicity of multi-host vector-transmitted pathogens in a country, which is closely related to geo-climatic conditions due to the specific features of these pathogens. Exploiting within-country variation over time shows that this effect of pathogen exposure is significantly amplified by weather s...
