Jewish Persecutions and Weather Shocks: 1100-1800

• 成果类型: Review
• 署名作者: Anderson, Robert Warren; Johnson, Noel D.; Koyama, Mark
• 署名单位: University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; George Mason University
• 刊物名称: ECONOMIC JOURNAL
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0013-0133
• DOI: 10.1111/ecoj.12331
• 发表日期: 2017
• 页码: 924-958
• 关键词: social-structure; ECONOMIC-GROWTH; ice-age; jews; medieval; climate; england; Europe; CONSEQUENCES; population

摘要

What factors caused the persecution of minorities in pre-modern Europe? Using panel data consisting of 1,366 persecutions of Jews from 936 European cities between 1100 and 1800, we test whether persecutions were more likely following colder growing seasons. A one standard deviation decrease in growing season temperature in the previous five-year period increased the probability of a persecution by between 1 and 1.5 percentage points (relative to a baseline of 2%). This effect was strongest in weak states and with poor quality soil. The long-run decline in persecutions was partly attributable to greater market integration and state capacity.