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作者：Santos, Carlos Daniel
作者单位：Universidade Nova de Lisboa
摘要：International trade can create conditions for technological innovation and productivity growth. The mechanism linking trade and innovation is simple. By increasing access to foreign markets, trade allows the best firms to exploit the economies of scale in R&D. The potential to steal market share increases as product differentiation decreases. To measure the empirical importance of this mechanism, I set up and estimate a dynamic equilibrium model with endogenous size and productivity decisions....
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作者：Aldashev, Gani; Kirchsteiger, Georg; Sebald, Alexander
作者单位：CY Cergy Paris Universite; University of Namur; Universite Libre de Bruxelles; University of Copenhagen
摘要：Randomised controlled trials (RCT) have gained ground as the dominant tool for studying policy interventions in many fields of applied economics. We analyse theoretically encouragement and resentful demoralisation in RCTs and show that these might be rooted in the same behavioural trait - people's propensity to act reciprocally. When people are motivated by reciprocity, the choice of assignment procedure influences the RCTs' findings. We show that even credible and explicit randomisation proce...
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作者：Santos, Rita; Gravelle, Hugh; Propper, Carol
作者单位：University of York - UK; University of Bristol; Imperial College London; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：Reforms giving users of public services choice of provider aim to improve quality. But such reforms will work only if quality affects choice of provider. We test this crucial prerequisite in the English health care market by examining the choice of 3.4million individuals of family doctor. Family doctor practices provide primary care and control access to non-emergency hospital care, the quality of their clinical care is measured and published and care is free. In this setting, clinical quality...
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作者：Boberg-Fazlic, Nina; Sharp, Paul
作者单位：University of Duisburg Essen; University of Southern Denmark
摘要：This study examines the relationship between government spending and charitable activity. We present a novel way of testing the 'crowding out hypothesis', making use of the fact that welfare provision under the Old Poor Laws was decided at the parish level, thus giving heterogeneity within a single country. Using data on poor relief spending combined with data on charitable incomes by county before and after 1800, we find a positive relationship: areas with more public provision also enjoyed h...
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作者：Lin, Shengle; Pfeiffer, Glenn; Porter, David
作者单位：California State University System; San Francisco State University; Chapman University System; Chapman University
摘要：We examine the effects of three alternative accounting methods in an experimental asset market characterised by bubbles and crashes: fair value (M2M), historical cost (HC) and marked to fundamental value (M2F). Each treatment is replicated under both no-leverage and leverage conditions. In the no-leverage condition, we find that accounting methods do not have a significant effect on asset mispricing. In the leverage condition, both M2M and M2F accounting methods exacerbate asset mispricing. Ye...
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作者：Maniadis, Zacharias; Tufano, Fabio; List, John A.
作者单位：University of Southampton; University of Nottingham; University of Chicago
摘要：The sciences are in an era of an alleged 'credibility crisis'. In this study, we discuss the reproducibility of empirical results, focusing on economics research. By combining theory and empirical evidence, we discuss the import of replication studies and whether they improve our confidence in novel findings. The theory sheds light on the importance of replications, even when replications are subject to bias. We then present a pilot meta-study of replication in experimental economics, a subfie...
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作者：Bignon, Vincent; Caroli, Eve; Galbiati, Roberto
作者单位：European Central Bank; Bank of France; Universite PSL; Universite Paris-Dauphine; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Laboratoire dEconomie de Dauphine LEDa; Paris School of Economics; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut d'Etudes Politiques Paris (Sciences Po)
摘要：Using local administrative data from 1826 to 1936, we document the evolution of crime rates in nineteenth century France and we estimate the impact of a negative income shock on crime. Our identification strategy exploits the phylloxera crisis. Between 1863 and 1890, phylloxera destroyed about 40% of French vineyards. We use the geographical variation in the timing of this shock to identify its impact on property and violent crime rates, as well as minor offences. Our estimates suggest that th...
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作者：Maniadis, Zacharias; Tufano, Fabio
作者单位：University of Southampton; University of Nottingham
摘要：To address the increasing concern about research reproducibility, cross-fertilisation across economics and other disciplines is likely to have far-reaching benefits. Our brief summary focuses on two areas in which a mutual investment in investigating possible cross-disciplinary synergies could benefit the scientific endeavour as a whole. First, the discipline of economic design has much to contribute to the discussion of possible reforms in science. Second, the empirical methodology of meta-re...
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作者：Ben Zeev, Nadav; Pappa, Evi
作者单位：Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; European University Institute
摘要：We identify news shocks to US defence spending as the shocks that best explain future movements in defence spending over a five-year horizon and are orthogonal to current defence spending. Our identified shocks, though correlated with the Ramey (2011) news shocks, explain a larger share of macroeconomic fluctuations and produce significant demand effects. News about increases in defence spending induces significant and persistent increases in output, hours worked, inflation and the interest ra...
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作者：Basten, Christoph; von Ehrlich, Maximilian; Lassmann, Andrea
作者单位：University of Bern; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich
摘要：We provide novel evidence on the role of income taxes for housing rents and spatial sorting. Drawing on comprehensive micro-level data, we estimate the responsiveness of households to tax differentials across municipal boundaries. Correcting for unobservable location characteristics and isolating the residential sorting component, we identify an income tax elasticity of rents of about -0.27 to -0.35. In line with non-homothetic preferences, we find that the marginal willingness to pay for lowe...
