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作者：Fahn, Matthias; Murooka, Takeshi
作者单位：Johannes Kepler University Linz; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Osaka
摘要：This paper investigates how labour-market tightness affects market outcomes if firms use informal, self-enforcing, agreements to motivate workers. We characterise profit-maximising equilibria and show that an increase in the supply of homogeneous workers can increase wages. Moreover, even though all workers are identical in terms of skills or productivity, profit-maximising discrimination equilibria exist. There, a group of majority workers is paid higher wages than a group of minority workers...
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作者：Coutts, Alexander; Gerhards, Leonie; Murad, Zahra
作者单位：Ministry of Education of Azerbaijan Republic; Azerbaijan State University of Economics (UNEC)
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作者：Galasso, Vincenzo; Profeta, Paola
作者单位：Bocconi University; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Bocconi University
摘要：We investigate the role of time pressure in generating gender gaps in math tests. In a randomised experiment, college students took a twenty-question math test under high, low or no time pressure. Reducing or eliminating time pressure decreases the math gender gap by up to 40%. Larger gaps under time pressure are mostly due to increased anxiety rather than to students modifying their test-taking strategies. The correlation between math test scores and university performance is equally high und...
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作者：Jessen, Jonas; Schmitz, Sophia; Weinhardt, Felix
作者单位：IZA Institute Labor Economics; Leibniz Association; DIW Berlin - Deutsches Institut fur Wirtschaftsforschung; European University Viadrina Frankfurt Oder; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：We study the local evolution of female labour supply and cultural norms in West Germany in reaction to the sudden presence of East Germans who migrated to the West after reunification. These migrants grew up with high rates of maternal employment, whereas West German families mostly followed the traditional breadwinner-housewife model. We find that West German women increase their labour supply and that this holds within households. We provide additional evidence on stated gender norms, West-E...
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作者：Le Pennec, Caroline
作者单位：Universite de Montreal; HEC Montreal
摘要：Politicians seeking to persuade voters may not always be able to say what they would like to say. Adopting policy positions opposite to that of their party or contradicting their previous policy announcements may be costly. I use computational text analysis on 30,000 candidate manifestos from two-round French elections to show that politicians take these costs into account, by toeing the party line and sticking to their platform, while also strategically adjusting their campaign communication ...
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作者：Duflo, Annie; Kiessel, Jessica; Lucas, Adrienne M.
作者单位：University of Delaware; Innovations for Poverty Action (IPA); University of Delaware; National Center Atmospheric Research (NCAR) - USA; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We partnered with the Ghanaian government to simultaneously test four methods of increasing achievement-assistant-led remedial pull-out lessons, remedial after-school lessons, smaller class sizes and teacher-implemented partial day tracking-in schools with low and heterogeneous student achievement. The interventions increased student learning by about 0.1 standard deviations, rising to 0.4 standard deviations when adjusting for imperfect implementation, with no effects on attendance, grade rep...
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作者：Beattie, Graham
作者单位：Loyola Marymount University
摘要：It has been well documented that beliefs and actions can be affected by media coverage. In this paper, I study the effect of newspaper coverage of climate change on individual driving behaviour. I construct a measure of the tone of coverage based on comparisons between environmental and sceptical texts. I then use this measure, along with detailed information about driving patterns, to test whether households' travel decisions are affected by the coverage that they have recently received. I fi...
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作者：Hejkal, John; Ravikumar, B.; Vandenbroucke, Guillaume
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - St. Louis
摘要：We develop a quantitative theory of mortality and population dynamics, emphasising individuals' decisions to reduce their mortality by adopting better health technology. Expanded use of this technology reduces the cost of adoption and confers a dynamic externality by increasing the future number of individuals who use the technology. Our model generates a diffusion curve whose shape dictates the pace of mortality reduction. The model explains historical trends in mortality rates and life expec...
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作者：Dvorak, Fabian; Fischbacher, Urs; Schmelz, Katrin
作者单位：University of Konstanz; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science & Technology (EAWAG); University of Konstanz; University of Konstanz; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Technical University of Denmark
摘要：We provide systematic insights on strategic conformist-as well as anti-conformist-behaviour in situations where people are evaluated, i.e., where an individual has to be selected for reward (e.g., promotion) or punishment (e.g., layoffs). To affect the probability of being selected, people may attempt to fit in or stand out in order to affect the chances of being noticed or liked by the evaluator. We investigate such strategic incentives for conformity or anti-conformity experimentally in thre...
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作者：Stuber, Robert
作者单位：New York University; New York University Abu Dhabi; New York University; New York University Abu Dhabi
摘要：Why are high monetary payments prohibited for certain goods, thereby causing shortages in their supply? I conduct (i) a framed field experiment with a general population sample and (ii) a survey experiment with this sample and with ethics committees. In the experiment, participants can prohibit others from being offered money to register as stem-cell donors. I document that, whereas the majority of participants do not respond to changes in the incentives (63%) or become more in favour of the o...
