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作者：Koster, Hans R. A.
作者单位：Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Tinbergen Institute; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
摘要：I measure the economic effects of greenbelts that prohibit new construction beyond a predefined urban fringe and therefore act as urban growth boundaries. I focus on England, where $13\%$ of the land is designated as greenbelt land. I provide reduced-form evidence and estimate a quantitative equilibrium model that includes amenities, housing supply, a traffic congestion externality, agglomeration forces, productivity and household location choices. Greenbelt policy generates positive amenity e...
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作者：Civelli, Andrea; Gaduh, Arya; Rothenberg, Alexander D.; Wang, Yao
作者单位：Syracuse University; University of Arkansas System; University of Arkansas Fayetteville; Syracuse University; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University
摘要：We use detailed data from Indonesian cities to study how variation in density within urban areas affects social capital. For identification, we instrument density with soil characteristics, and control for community averages of observed characteristics. Under plausible assumptions, these controls address sorting on observables and unobservables. We find that lower density increases trust in neighbours and community participation. We also find that lower density is associated with reduced inter...
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作者：Ferraro, Domenico; Ghazi, Soroush; Peretto, Pietro F.
作者单位：Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe; University of Alabama System; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa; Duke University
摘要：How do changes in labour taxes affect innovation and aggregate productivity growth? To answer this question, we propose a quantitative, general equilibrium growth model featuring product and quality innovation with endogenous market structure, estimate its parameters and provide empirical validation for the propagation mechanism of labour tax changes. We find that a temporary cut in flat-rate labour taxes produces a growth acceleration in aggregate productivity, permanently increasing the path...
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作者：Dustmann, Christian; Mertz, Mikkel; Okatenko, Anna
作者单位：University of London; University College London; University of London; Queen Mary University London; University of London; University College London; University of London; University College London
摘要：Using an identification strategy based on random assignment of refugees to different municipalities in Denmark between 1986 and 1998, we find strong evidence that gang crime rates in the neighbourhood at assignment increase the probability of boys to commit crimes before the age of 19, and that gang crime (but not other crime) increases the likelihood of teenage motherhood for girls. Higher levels of gang crime also have detrimental and long-lasting effects, with men experiencing significantly...
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作者：Wichman, Casey J.; Chan, Nathan W.
作者单位：University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Amherst; University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Amherst
摘要：We provide new evidence on motivations for voluntary contributions to public goods in a natural setting. Using natural language processing on users' Twitter posts, we measure revealed sentiment changes before and after making a donation to Wikipedia. We find strong evidence that sentiment improves in the hour and minutes directly before contributing, which we call 'preheating'. Results are robust to alternative fixed effects and approaches to inference and supported by a complementary online e...
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作者：Fabra, Natalia; Llobet, Gerard
作者单位：Universidad Carlos III de Madrid; Universidad Carlos III de Madrid; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：We study a multi-unit auction model in which bidders are privately informed about the maximum number of units they are willing to trade (which we refer to as 'capacity'). No matter how big or small, private information on capacities changes the nature of the equilibrium as compared to when private information is on costs (or valuations). Also, the uniform-price and discriminatory auctions are not revenue equivalent, in contrast to when costs are independently drawn. In particular, with indepen...
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作者：Carta, Francesca; De Philippis, Marta
作者单位：European Central Bank; Bank of Italy
摘要：This paper analyses the effects of increasing the statutory retirement age for claiming full pension benefits on the labour force participation of middle-aged individuals and their partners. Identification relies on a difference-in-differences setting that exploits the heterogeneous increase in age eligibility for retirement caused by an unexpected pension reform. We detect a rise in the participation rate of middle-aged women that spills over into the labour supply of their husbands, who choo...
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作者：Devereux, Michael B.; Gente, Karine; Yu, Changhua
作者单位：University of British Columbia; University of British Columbia; Aix-Marseille Universite; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Peking University; University of British Columbia; University of British Columbia
摘要：This paper analyses the impact of fiscal spending shocks in a dynamic, multi-country model with international production networks. The response of real gross domestic product to a fiscal spending shock can be decomposed into a direct effect, income effect and price effect. The direct effect depends only on input-output linkages, while the price effect is zero in the aggregate. We apply this decomposition to the Eurozone, and find that fiscal spillovers from Germany and the core Eurozone countr...
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作者：Exley, Christine L.; Kessler, Judd B.
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Pennsylvania
摘要：A rich literature finds that individuals avoid information and suggests that avoidance is driven by image concerns. This paper provides the first direct test of whether individuals avoid information because of image concerns. We build on a classic paradigm, introducing control conditions that make minimal changes to eliminate the role of image concerns while keeping other key features of the environment unchanged. Data from 6,421 experimental subjects shows that image concerns play a role in d...
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作者：Kitchens, Carl T.; Rodgers, Luke P.
作者单位：State University System of Florida; Florida State University; State University System of Florida; Florida State University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Using variation in crop prices induced by large swings in demand surrounding World War I, we examine the fertility response to crop revenue increases from 1910 to 1930. Our estimates indicate that agricultural price increases reduced fertility, explaining about 9% of the overall decline in fertility over the period. The effect persists years after the collapse of the war boom. Importantly, we show that fertility declines were concentrated in farm women and fertility declined along intensive an...
