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作者：Janssen, Maarten C. W.; Jungbauer, Thomas; Preuss, Marcel; Williams, Cole
作者单位：University of Vienna; Cornell University
摘要：We study a search platform that ranks firms' products across sponsored and organic positions, accounting for the incentives of both firms and consumers. To characterise an optimal ranking when the number of firms is large, we formulate a Mixing Principle for Consumer Search, adapting tools from the social learning literature. The platform assigns the products it deems best to sponsored positions and obfuscates the content of organic positions, subject to consumers' participation constraints. O...
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作者：Andersen, Steffen; Brandon, Alec; Gneezy, Uri; List, John A.
作者单位：Copenhagen Business School; Johns Hopkins University; University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We experimentally study the effects of transitory incentives and income predicted by models of reference-dependent labour supply. Visiting an open-air market in India, we induce experimental variation in: (i) incentives by offering vendors a supplemental wage over the course of two days and (ii) income by, one morning, administering a substantial overpayment for a good sold in the market. We find that incentives have a staggered effect on hours worked: initially vendors do not respond, but by ...
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作者：Orchard, Jacob D.; Ramey, Valerie A.; Wieland, Johannes F.
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve System Board of Governors; Stanford University; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：Macroeconomics has increasingly adopted tools from the applied micro 'credibility revolution' to estimate micro parameters that can inform macro questions. In this paper, we argue that researchers should take advantage of this confluence of micro and macro to take the credibility revolution one step further. We argue that researchers should assess the plausibility of the micro estimates and macro models by constructing macro counterfactuals for historical periods and comparing these counterfac...
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作者：Dillon, Brian; Aker, Jenny C.; Blumenstock, Joshua E.
作者单位：Cornell University; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：We study the impact of a low-cost intervention to reduce information frictions in rural markets by randomly assigning small and medium enterprises in Tanzania to be listed in a telephone directory. The listed firms expand their communication networks, increase sales and make greater use of mobile money, with positive spillovers to firms in the same village. Estimated effects are larger and more statistically precise for firms that are more productive at baseline, consistent with consumers seek...
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作者：Faguet, Jean-Paul; Matajira, Camilo; Sanchez, Fabio
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Universidad de los Andes (Colombia)
摘要：The Spanish encomienda, a colonial forced-labour institution that lasted three centuries, killed many indigenous people and caused others to flee into nomadism. What were its long-term effects? We digitise a great deal of historical data from the mid-1500s onwards, impute pre-Hispanic populations at the municipal level and reconstruct the Spanish conquerors' route through Colombia using detailed topographical features to calculate their least-cost path. We show that Colombian municipalities wi...
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作者：Belfiori, Elisa; Macera, Manuel
作者单位：Universidad Torcuato Di Tella; Universidad Torcuato Di Tella
摘要：This paper develops a framework to integrate demographic change into climate policy analysis. We build an overlapping-generations climate-economy model with a rich demographic structure, allowing population growth and survival probabilities to vary over time. These features endogenously determine the age composition of society and shape aggregate preferences. A central result of our framework is an aggregation result: despite the heterogeneity across cohorts, the planner's problem can be recas...
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作者：Chaudhary, Latika; Iyer, Lakshmi
作者单位：United States Department of Defense; United States Navy; Naval Postgraduate School; University of Notre Dame
摘要：We examine the human development consequences of transferring responsibility for public service provision from state to local governments in India using state-level variation in the timing of administrative decentralisation reforms. We find that devolving responsibility for health and education functions does not improve child mortality or school completion. Further, partial devolution of service responsibility without concomitant authority over personnel or taxation results in a significant w...
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作者：Gaetani, Ruben; Huang, Naqun; Li, Jing; Yang, Yanmin
作者单位：University of Toronto; Nanjing Audit University; Singapore Management University
摘要：How did COVID-19 affect the innovation advantages of dense locations? Using data on the universe of US patent applications, we find that the density premium in the production of novel inventions declined by 18.5%-22.9% in 2020-1 relative to its pre-pandemic level. Smartphone data on local mobility suggest that the drop in the frequency of local interactions can explain a significant portion of this effect. While COVID-19 resulted in a temporary setback in the innovation advantages of dense loc...
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作者：Ahmad, Husnain F.; Gibson, Matthew; Nadeem, Fatiq; Nasim, Sanval; Rezaee, Arman
作者单位：Trinity University; Williams College; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; Colby College; University of California System; University of California Davis
摘要：Scarce information and human capital may make it difficult to form accurate expectations, limiting responses to uncertain environmental threats like air pollution. We study two cross-randomised interventions in Lahore, Pakistan: (i) general training in forecasting and (ii) provision of air pollution forecasts. Both reduced the subjects' own air pollution forecast errors; the training effect suggests that modest educational interventions can durably improve forecasting skills. Forecast receipt ...
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作者：Gauriot, Romain; Page, Lionel
作者单位：Deakin University; University of Queensland
摘要：Using a natural experiment setting in binary options markets, we compare the evolution of market prices in situations where the occurrence of public information shocks is contingent on knife-edge conditions and can be considered nearly random. We find that prices mostly react efficiently and quickly to information shocks, adjusting to the new fundamental value. Nonetheless, we observe a tendency for prices to initially under-react when the information shocks are large. This under-reaction is s...
