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作者：Sydnor, Justin
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison
摘要：Despite the large literature on anomalies in risky choice, very little research has explored the relevance of these insights in real insurance markets. This paper uses new data on consumers' choices of deductibles for home insurance to provide evidence that a surprising level of risk aversion over modest stakes is a reality in the market. Most customers purchase low deductibles despite costs significantly above the expected value. Fitting these choices to a standard model of risk aversion yiel...
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作者：Jayachandran, Seema; Lleras-Muney, Adriana; Smith, Kimberly V.
作者单位：Stanford University; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; Mathematica
摘要：This paper studies the contribution of sulfa drugs, a groundbreaking medical innovation in the 1930s, to declines in US mortality. For several infectious diseases, sulfa drugs represented the first effective treatment. Using time-series and difference-in-differences methods, we find that sulfa drugs led to a 24 to 36 percent decline in maternal mortality, 17 to 32 percent decline in pneumonia mortality, and 52 to 65 percent decline in scarlet fever mortality between 1937 and 1943. Altogether, ...
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作者：Adda, Jerome; Cornaglia, Francesca
作者单位：University of London; University College London; University of London; Queen Mary University London
摘要：We evaluate the effect of smoking bans and excise taxes on the exposure to tobacco smoke of nonsmokers, and we show their unintended consequences on children. Smoking bans perversely increase nonsmokers' exposure by displacing smokers to private places where they contaminate nonsmokers. We exploit data on bio-samples of cotinine, time use, and smoking cessation, as well as state and time variation in anti-smoking policies across US states. We find that higher taxes are an efficient way to decr...
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作者：Akee, Randall K. Q.; Copeland, William E.; Keeler, Gordon; Angold, Adrian; Costello, E. Jane
作者单位：Tufts University; Duke University
摘要：We examine the role an exogenous increase in household income, due to a government transfer unrelated to household characteristics, plays in children's long-run outcomes. Children in affected households have higher levels of education in their young adulthood and a lower incidence of criminality for minor offenses. Effects differ by initial household poverty status. An additional $4,000 per year for the poorest households increases educational attainment by one year at age 21, and reduces the ...
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作者：Meier, Stephan; Sprenger, Charles
作者单位：Columbia University; University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：Some individuals borrow extensively on their credit cards. This paper tests whether present-biased time preferences correlate with credit card borrowing. In afield study, we elicit individual time preferences with incentivized choice experiments, and match resulting time preference measures to individual credit reports and annual tax returns. The results indicate that present-biased individuals are more likely to have credit card debt, and to have significantly higher amounts of credit card de...
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作者：Hanna, Rema
作者单位：Harvard University
摘要：This paper measures the response of US-based multinationals to the Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA). Using a panel of firm-level data over the period 1966-1999, I estimate the effect of regulation on a multinational's foreign production decisions. The CAAA induced substantial variation in the degree of regulation faced by firms, allowing for the estimation of econometric models that control for firm-specific characteristics and industrial trends. I find that the CAAA caused regulated multinatio...
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作者：Card, David; Dooley, Martin D.; Payne, A. Abigail
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; McMaster University
摘要：We study competition between two publicly funded school systems in Ontario, Canada: one that is open to all students, and one that is restricted to children of Catholic backgrounds. A simple model of competition between the competing systems predicts greater effort by school managers in areas with more Catholic families who are willing to switch systems. Consistent with this insight, we find significant effects of competitive pressure on test score gains between third and sixth grade. Our esti...
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作者：Wisdom, Jessica; Downs, Julie S.; Loewenstein, George
作者单位：Carnegie Mellon University
摘要：Success in slowing obesity trends would benefit from policies aimed at reducing calorie consumption. In afield experiment at a fast-food sandwich chain, we address the effects of providing calorie information, mimicking recent legislation, and test an alternative approach that makes ordering healthier slightly more convenient. We find that calorie information reduces calorie intake. Providing a daily calorie target does as well, but only for non-overweight individuals. Making healthy choices c...
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作者：Bertrand, Marianne; Goldin, Claudia; Katz, Lawrence E.
作者单位：University of Chicago; Harvard University
摘要：The careers of MBAs from a top US business school are studied to understand how career dynamics differ by gender Although male and female MBAs have nearly identical earnings at the outset of their careers, their earnings soon diverge, with the male earnings advantage reaching almost 60 log points a decade after MBA completion. Three proximate factors account for the large and rising gender gap in earnings: differences in training prior to MBA graduation, differences in career interruptions, an...
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作者：Topalova, Petia
作者单位：International Monetary Fund
摘要：This paper uses the 1991 Indian trade liberalization to measure the impact of trade liberalization on poverty, and to examine the mechanisms underpinning this impact. Variation in sectoral composition across districts and liberalization intensity across production sectors allows a difference-in-difference approach. Rural districts, in which production sectors more exposed to liberalization were concentrated, experienced slower decline in poverty and lower consumption growth. The impact of libe...
