American Economic Journal: Applied Economics

最新文章

• Does Merger Simulation Work? Evidence from the Swedish Analgesics Market AI翻译
  作者：Bjornerstedt, Jonas; Verboven, Frank
  作者单位：KU Leuven; KU Leuven
  摘要：We analyze a large merger in the Swedish market for analgesics (painkillers). The merging firms raised prices by 40 percent, and some outsiders raised prices by more than 10 percent. We confront these changes with predictions from a merger simulation model. With basic supply side assumptions, the models correctly or moderately underpredict the merging firms' price increase. However, they predict a larger price increase for the smaller firm, which was not the case in practice, and they underpre...
• Immigrants' Effect on Native Workers: New Analysis on Longitudinal Data AI翻译
  作者：Foged, Mette; Peri, Giovanni
  作者单位：University of Copenhagen; University of California System; University of California Davis
  摘要：Using longitudinal data on the universe of workers in Denmark during the period 1991-2008, we track the labor market outcomes of low-skilled natives in response to an exogenous inflow of low-skilled immigrants. We innovate on previous identification strategies by considering immigrants distributed across municipalities by a refugee dispersal policy in place between 1986 and 1998. We find that an increase in the supply of refugee-country immigrants pushed less educated native workers (especiall...
• Race, Ethnicity, and Discriminatory Zoning AI翻译
  作者：Shertzer, Allison; Twinam, Tate; Walsh, Randall P.
  作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Washington; University of Washington Bothell
  摘要：Zoning policies can have marked impacts on the spatial distribution of people and land use, yet there is little systematic evidence on their origin. Investigating the causes of these regulations is complicated by the fact that land use and zoning have been co-evolving for nearly a century. We employ a novel approach to overcome this challenge, studying the factors underpinning the introduction of comprehensive zoning in Chicago. We find evidence consistent with a precursor to exclusionary zoni...
• Wintertime for Deceptive Advertising? AI翻译
  作者：Zinman, Jonathan; Zitzewitz, Eric
  作者单位：Dartmouth College
  摘要：Casual empiricism suggests that deceptive advertising about product quality is prevalent, and several classes of theories explore its causes and consequences. We provide unusually sharp empirical evidence on its extent, mechanics, and dynamics. Ski resorts self-report substantially more natural snowfall than comparable government sources. The difference is more pronounced on weekends, despite third-party evidence that snowfall is uniform throughout the weekas one would expect given plausibly g...
• The Effect of Cash, Vouchers, and Food Transfers on Intimate Partner Violence: Evidence from a Randomized Experiment in Northern Ecuador AI翻译
  作者：Hidrobo, Melissa; Peterman, Amber; Heise, Lori
  作者单位：CGIAR; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI); Istituto degli Innocenti; University of London; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
  摘要：Using a randomized experiment in Ecuador, this study provides evidence on whether cash, vouchers, and food transfers targeted to women and intended to reduce poverty and food insecurity also affected intimate partner violence. Results indicate that transfers reduce controlling behaviors and physical and/or sexual violence by 6 to 7 percentage points. Impacts do not vary by transfer modality, which provides evidence that transfers not only have the potential to decrease violence in the short-te...
• Market Impacts of a Nuclear Power Plant Closure AI翻译
  作者：Davis, Lucas; Hausman, Catherine
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
  摘要：Falling revenues and rising costs have put US nuclear plants in financial trouble, and some threaten to close. To understand the potential private and social consequences, we examine the abrupt closure of the San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station (SONGS) in 2012. Using a novel econometric approach, we show that the lost generation from SONGS was met largely by increased in-state natural gas generation. In the twelve months following the closure, natural gas generation costs increased by $350 m...
• The Long-Run Economic Consequences of High-Stakes Examinations: Evidence from Transitory Variation in Pollution AI翻译
  作者：Ebenstein, Avraham; Lavy, Victor; Roth, Sefi
  作者单位：Hebrew University of Jerusalem; University of Warwick; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
  摘要：Cognitive performance during high-stakes exams can be affected by random disturbances that, even if transitory, may have permanent consequences. We evaluate this hypothesis among Israeli students who took a series of matriculation exams between 2000 and 2002. Exploiting variation across the same student taking multiple exams, we find that transitory PM2.5 exposure is associated with a significant decline in student performance. We then examine these students in 2010 and find that PM2.5 exposur...
• Does Early Life Exposure to Cigarette Smoke Permanently Harm Childhood Welfare? Evidence from Cigarette Tax Hikes AI翻译
  作者：Simon, David
  作者单位：University of Connecticut
  摘要：Evidence suggests that excise taxes on tobacco improve fetal health. However, it remains unknown if smoke exposure in early life causes lasting harm to children. I find that in utero exposure to a dollar increase in the state cigarette tax causes a 10 percent decrease in sick days from school and a 4.7 percent decrease in having two or more doctor visits. I present additional evidence for decreases in hospitalizations and asthma. This supports the hypothesis that exposure to cigarette smoke in...
• Do Employer Pension Contributions Reflect Employee Preferences? Evidence from a Retirement Savings Reform in Denmark AI翻译
  作者：Fadlon, Itzik; Laird, Jessica; Nielsen, Torben Heien
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; Harvard University; University of Copenhagen
  摘要：This paper studies how firms set contributions to employer provided 401(k)-type pension plans. Using a reform that decreased the subsidy to contributions to capital pension accounts for Danish workers in the top income tax bracket, we provide strong evidence that employers' contributions are based on their employees' savings preferences. We find an immediate decrease in employer contributions to capital accounts, whose magnitude increased in the share of employees directly affected by the refo...
• Do Fiscal Rules Matter? AI翻译
  作者：Grembi, Veronica; Nannicini, Tommaso; Troiano, Ugo
  作者单位：Copenhagen Business School; Bocconi University; Bocconi University; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; National Bureau of Economic Research
  摘要：Fiscal rules are laws aimed at reducing the incentive to accumulate debt, and many countries adopt them to discipline local governments. Yet, their effectiveness is disputed because of commitment and enforcement problems. We study their impact applying a quasi-experimental design in Italy. In 1999, the central government imposed fiscal rules on municipal governments, and in 2001 relaxed them below 5,000 inhabitants. We exploit the before/after and discontinuous policy variation, and show that ...