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作者：Lu, Yao; Slusky, David J. G.
作者单位：Analysis Group Inc.; University of Kansas
摘要：We examine the impact of women's health clinic closures on women's preventive care use in Texas and Wisconsin using a unique policy context, data on clinic street addresses, and confidential respondent ZIP codes from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. From a within-ZIP-code analysis, we conclude that an increase of 100 miles to the nearest clinic results in a decrease in the annual utilization rate of a clinical breast exam by 11 percent, a mammogram by 18 percent, and a Pap test ...
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作者：Dinkelman, Taryn; Mariotti, Martine
作者单位：Dartmouth College; National Bureau of Economic Research; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Australian National University; Stellenbosch University
摘要：We provide new evidence of one channel through which circular labor migration has long-run effects on origin communities: by raising completed human capital of the next generation. We estimate the net effects of migration from Malawi to South African mines using newly digitized census and administrative data on access to mine jobs, a difference-in-differences strategy, and two opposite-signed and plausibly exogenous shocks to the option to migrate. Twenty years after these shocks, human capita...
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作者：Axbard, Sebastian
作者单位：Uppsala University
摘要：The effect of climatic variation on conflict and crime is well established, but less is known about the mechanism through which this effect operates. This study contributes to the literature by exploiting a new source of exogenous variation in climate to study the effect of fishermen's income opportunities on sea piracy. Using satellite data to construct a monthly measure of local fishing conditions it is found that better income opportunities reduce piracy. A wide range of approaches are empl...
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作者：DellaVigna, Stefano; Durante, Ruben; Knight, Brian; La Ferrara, Eliana
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research; Institut d'Etudes Politiques Paris (Sciences Po); Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Brown University; Bocconi University; Bocconi University
摘要：We analyze a novel lobbying channel: firms shifting spending toward a politician's business in the hope of securing favorable regulation. We examine the evolution of advertising spending in Italy during 1993-2009, a period in which Berlusconi was in power three separate times, while maintaining control of Italy's major private television network, Mediaset. We document a significant pro-Mediaset bias in the allocation of advertising during Berlusconi's political tenure, especially for companies...
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作者：Cage, Julia; Rueda, Valeria
摘要：This article investigates the long-term consequences of the printing press in the nineteenth century sub-Saharan Africa on social capital nowadays. Protestant missionaries were the first to import the printing press and to allow the indigenous population to use it. We build a new geocoded dataset locating Protestant missions in 1903. This dataset includes, for each mission station, the geographic location and its characteristics, as well as the printing-, educational-, and health-related inves...
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作者：Agrawal, Ajay; Goldfarb, Avi; Teodoridis, Florenta
作者单位：University of Toronto; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Southern California
摘要：The fall of the Iron Curtain led to an influx of new mathematical ideas into western science. We show that research teams grew disproportionately in size in subfields of mathematics in which the Soviets were strongest. This is consistent with the knowledge burden hypothesis that an outward shift in the knowledge frontier increases the returns to collaboration. We also report additional evidence consistent with this interpretation: (i) The effect is present in countries outside the United State...
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作者：Cai, Jing; De Janvry, Alain; Sadoulet, Elisabeth
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：the influence of social networks on weather insurance adoption and the mechanisms through which they operate. To quantify network effects, the experiment provides intensive information sessions about the product to a random subset of farmers. For untreated farmers, the effect of having an additional treated friend on take-up is equivalent to granting a 13 percent reduction in the insurance premium. By varying the information available about peers' decisions and randomizing default options, we ...
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作者：Botelho, Fernando; Madeira, Ricardo A.; Rangel, Marcos A.
作者单位：Universidade de Sao Paulo; Duke University
摘要：We investigate whether racial discrimination in the form of biased assessment of students is prevalent within Brazilian schools. Evidence is drawn from unique administrative data pertaining to eighth-grade students and educators. Holding constant performance in blindly-scored tests of proficiency and behavioral traits we find that blacks have lower teacher-assigned math grades than their white classmates. Heterogeneity in differentials provides evidence both of robustness with respect to omiss...
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作者：Walters, Christopher R.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：This paper uses data from a randomized evaluation of Head Start to answer two questions: (i) How much do short-run causal effects vary across Head Start centers? and (ii) Do observed inputs explain this variation? I find that the cross-center standard deviation of cognitive effects is 0.18 test score standard deviations, which is larger than typical estimates of variation in teacher or school effectiveness. Centers offering full-day service and home visiting are more effective, while centers t...
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作者：Daysal, N. Meltem; Trandafir, Mircea; van Ewijk, Reyn
作者单位：University of Southern Denmark; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
摘要：Many developed countries have recently experienced sharp increases in home birth rates. This paper investigates the impact of home births on the health of low-risk newborns using data from the Netherlands, the only developed country where home births are widespread. To account for endogeneity in location of birth, we exploit the exogenous variation in distance from a mother's residence to the closest hospital. We find that giving birth in a hospital leads to substantial reductions in newborn m...
