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作者：Landry, Craig E.; Lange, Andreas; List, John A.; Price, Michael K.; Rupp, Nicholas G.
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research; Nevada System of Higher Education (NSHE); University of Nevada Reno; University of North Carolina; East Carolina University
摘要：This study develops theory and uses a door-to-door fund-raising field experiment to explore the economics of charity. We approached nearly 5000 households, randomly divided into four experimental treatments, to shed light on key issues on the demand side of charitable fund-raising. Empirical results are in line with our theory: in gross terms, the lotteries raised more money than the voluntary contributions treatments. Interestingly, in terms of both maximizing current contributions and induci...
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作者：Bjorklund, Anders; Lindahl, Mikael; Plug, Erik
作者单位：Stockholm University; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; University of Amsterdam; Tinbergen Institute
摘要：We use unique Swedish data with information on adopted children's biological and adoptive parents to estimate intergenerational mobility associations in earnings and education. We argue that the impact from biological parents captures broad prebirth factors, including genes and prenatal environment, and the impact from adoptive parents represents broad postbirth factors, such as childhood environment. We find that both pre- and postbirth factors contribute to intergenerational earnings and edu...
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作者：Broda, Christian; Weinstein, David E.
作者单位：University of Chicago; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - New York; Columbia University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Since the seminal work of Krugman, product variety has played a central role in models of trade and growth. In spite of the general use of love-of-variety models, there has been no systematic study of how the import of new varieties has contributed to national welfare gains in the United States. In this paper we show that the unmeasured growth in product variety from U. S. imports has been an important source of gains from trade over the last three decades (1972-2001). Using extremely disaggre...
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作者：Gentzkow, Matthew
作者单位：University of Chicago
摘要：I use variation across markets in the timing of television's introduction to identify its impact on voter turnout. The estimated effect is significantly negative, accounting for between a quarter and a half of the total decline in turnout since the 1950s. I argue that substitution away from other media with more political coverage provides a plausible mechanism linking television to voting. As evidence for this, I show that the entry of television in a market coincided with sharp drops in cons...
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作者：Lindbeck, Assar; Nyberg, Sten
作者单位：Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN); Stockholm University
摘要：Empirically, disincentive effects on work of generous welfare state arrangements tend to appear with a substantial time lag. One explanation is that norms concerning work and benefit dependency delay such effects. We model altruistic parents' economic incentives for instilling such work norms in their children. Anticipated economic support from parents may reduce work effort, and parental altruism makes threats to withdraw such support noncredible. Instilling norms mitigates this problem. Howe...
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作者：Clementi, GL; Hopenhayn, HA
作者单位：New York University; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：There is widespread evidence supporting the conjecture that borrowing constraints have important implications for firm growth and survival. In this paper we model a multiperiod borrowing/lending relationship with asymmetric information. We show that borrowing constraints emerge as a feature of the optimal long-term lending contract, and that such constraints relax as the value of the borrower's claim to future cash flows increases. We also show that the optimal contract has interesting implica...
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作者：Sala-I-Martin, Xavier
作者单位：Columbia University
摘要：We estimate the World Distribution of Income by integrating individual income distributions for 138 countries between 1970 and 2000. Country distributions are constructed by combining national accounts GDP per capita to anchor the mean with survey data to pin down the dispersion. Poverty rates and head counts are reported for four specific poverty lines. Rates in 2000 were between one-third and one-half of what they were in 1970 for all four lines. There were between 250 and 500 million fewer ...
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作者：Gabaix, Xavier; Gopikrishnan, Parameswaran; Plerou, Vasiliki; Stanley, H. Eugene
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research; Boston University
摘要：We present a theory of excess stock market volatility, in which market movements are due to trades by very large institutional investors in relatively illiquid markets. Such trades generate significant spikes in returns and volume, even in the absence of important news about fundamentals. We derive the optimal trading behavior of these investors, which allows us to provide a unified explanation for apparently disconnected empirical regularities in returns, trading volume and investor size.
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作者：Ashraf, Nava; Karlan, Dean; Yin, Wesley
作者单位：Harvard University; Yale University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); University of Chicago
摘要：We designed a commitment savings product for a Philippine bank and implemented it using a randomized control methodology. The savings product was intended for individuals who want to commit now to restrict access to their savings, and who were sophisticated enough to engage in such a mechanism. We conducted a baseline survey on 1777 existing or former clients of a bank. One month later, we offered the commitment product to a randomly chosen subset of 710 clients; 202 (28.4 percent) accepted th...
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作者：Burchfield, Marcy; Overman, Henry G.; Puga, Diego; Turner, Matthew A.
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of Toronto; Pompeu Fabra University; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We study the extent to which U. S. urban development is sprawling and what determines differences in sprawl across space. Using remote-sensing data to track the evolution of land use on a grid of 8.7 billion 30 X 30 meter cells, we measure sprawl as the amount of undeveloped land surrounding an average urban dwelling. The extent of sprawl remained roughly unchanged between 1976 and 1992, although it varied dramatically across metropolitan areas. Ground water availability, temperate climate, ru...
