Quarterly Journal of Economics

最新文章

• Does job testing harm minority workers? Evidence from retail establishments AI翻译
  作者：Autor, David H.; Scarborough, David
  作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research; Black Hills State University
  摘要：Because minorities typically fare poorly on standardized tests, job testing is thought to pose an equality-efficiency trade-off. testing improves selection but reduces minority hiring. We develop a conceptual framework to assess when this trade-off is likely to apply and evaluate the evidence for such a trade-off using hiring and productivity data from a national retail firm whose 1,363 stores switched from informal to test-based worker screening over the course of one year. We document that t...
• Dopamine, reward prediction error, and economics AI翻译
  作者：Caplin, Andrew; Dean, Mark
  作者单位：City University of New York (CUNY) System
  摘要：The neurotransmitter dopamine has been found to play a crucial role in choice, learning, and belief formation. The best-developed current theory of dopaminergic function is the reward prediction error hypothesis-that dopamine encodes the difference between the experienced and predicted reward of an event. We provide axiomatic foundations for this hypothesis to help bridge the current conceptual gap between neuroscience and economics. Continued research in this area of overlap between social an...
• HOW DO INCUMBENTS RESPOND TO THE THREAT OF ENTRY? EVIDENCE FROM THE MAJOR AIRLINES AI翻译
  作者：Goolsbee, Austan; Syverson, Chad
  作者单位：University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research
  摘要：We examine how incumbents respond to the threat of entry by competitors (as distinct from how they respond to actual entry). We look specifically at passenger airlines, using the evolution of Southwest Airlines' route network to identify particular routes where the probability of future entry rises abruptly. We find that incumbents cut fares significantly when threatened by Southwest's entry. Over half of Southwest's total impact on incumbent fares occurs before Southwest starts flying. These ...
• Does hazardous waste matter? Evidence from the housing market and the superfund program AI翻译
  作者：Greenstone, Michael; Gallagher, Justin
  作者单位：Brookings Institution; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
  摘要：This paper uses the housing market to develop estimates of the local welfare impacts of Superfund-sponsored cleanups of hazardous waste sites. We show that if consumers value the cleanups, then the hedonic model predicts that they will lead to increases in local housing prices and new home construction, as well as the migration of individuals that place a high value on environmental quality to the areas near the improved sites. We compare housing market outcomes in the areas surrounding the fi...
• Electoral rules and minority representation in US cities AI翻译
  作者：Trebbi, Francesco; Aghion, Philippe; Alesina, Alberto
  作者单位：Harvard University; University of Chicago; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR); Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR)
  摘要：This paper studies the choice of electoral rules and in particular the question of minority representation. Majorities tend to disenfranchise minorities through strategic manipulation of electoral rules. With the aim of explaining changes in electoral rules adopted by U.S. cities, particularly in the South, we show why majorities tend to adopt winner-take-all city-wide rules (at-large elections) in response to an increase in the size of the minority when the minority they are facing is relativ...
• The scope of cooperation: Values and incentives AI翻译
  作者：Tabellini, Guido
  摘要：What explains the range of situations in which individuals cooperate? This paper studies a model where individuals respond to incentives but are also influenced by norms of good conduct inherited from earlier generations. Parents rationally choose what values to transmit to their offspring, and this choice is influenced by the spatial patterns of external enforcement and of likely future transactions. The equilibrium displays strategic complementarities between values and current behavior, whi...
• Selection, growth, and the size distribution of firms AI翻译
  作者：Luttmer, Erzo G. J.
  作者单位：University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Minneapolis
  摘要：This paper describes an analytically tractable model of balanced growth that is consistent with the observed size distribution of firms. Growth is the result of idiosyncratic firm productivity improvements, selection of successful firms, and imitation by entrants. Selection tends to improve aggregate productivity at a fast rate if entry and imitation are easy. The empirical phenomenon of Zipf's law can be interpreted to mean that entry costs are high or that imitation is difficult, or both. Th...
• Technology, information, and the decentralization of the firm AI翻译
  作者：Acemoglu, Daron; Aghion, Philippe; Lelarge, Claire; Van Reenen, John; Zilibotti, Fabrizio
  作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Harvard University; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of Zurich
  摘要：This paper analyzes the relationship between the diffusion of new technologies and the decentralization of firms. Centralized control relies on the information of the principal, which we equate with publicly available information. Decentralized control, on the other hand, delegates authority to a manager with superior information. However, the manager can use his informational advantage to make choices that are not in the best interest of the principal. As the available public information abou...
• Does head start improve children's life chances? Evidence from a regression discontinuity design AI翻译
  作者：Ludwig, Jens; Miller, Douglas L.
  作者单位：Georgetown University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Davis
  摘要：This paper exploits a new source of variation in Head Start funding to identify the program's effects on health and schooling. In 1965 the Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO) provided technical assistance to the 300 poorest counties to develop Head Start proposals. The result was a large and lasting discontinuity in Head Start funding rates at the OEO cutoff for grant-writing assistance. We find evidence of a large drop at the OEO cutoff in mortality rates for children from causes that could ...
• Socially optimal districting: A theoretical and empirical exploration AI翻译
  作者：Coate, Stephen; Knight, Brian
  作者单位：Cornell University; Brown University
  摘要：This paper investigates the problem of optimal districting in the context of a simple model of legislative elections. In the model, districting. matters because it determines the seat-vote curve, which describes the relationship between seats and votes. The paper first characterizes the optimal seat-vote curve and shows that, under a weak condition, there exist districtings that generate this ideal relationship. The paper then develops an empirical methodology for computing seat-vote curves an...